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[MT] Lesson 6: Male and Female Reproductive Systems and the Endocrine System > The Endocrine System Terms > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Outer portion of adrenal glands; secretes several families of hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and steroid sex hormones

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2
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Pair of glands in endocrine system located just above each kidney; glands are composed of two sections, cortex and medulla, that function independently of each other; cortex secretes steroids, such as aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, estrogens, and progestins; medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; adrenal glands are regulated by adrenocorticotropin hormone, which is secreted by pituitary gland

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone produced by adrenal medulla; also known as ‘epinephrine’; some of its actions include increasing heart rate and force of contraction, bronchodilation, and relation of intestinal muscles

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4
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Inner portion of adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of adrenal gland cortex

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6
Q

Aldosterone

A

Hormone produced by adrenal cortex; regulates levels of sodium and potassium in body and as a side effect volume of water lost in urine

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7
Q

Androgen

A

Class of steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; these hormones, such as testosterone, produce a masculinizing effect

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8
Q

Anterior Lobe

A

Anterior portion of pituitary gland; secretes adrenocorticotropin hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone

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9
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; promotes water reabsorption by kidney tubules

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10
Q

Calcitonin (CT)

A

Hormone secreted by thyroid gland; stimulates deposition of calcium into bone

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11
Q

Calcium (Ca[+])

A

Inorganic substance found in plasma; is important for bones, muscles, and nerves

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12
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

24-hour clock that governs our periods of wakefulness and sleepiness

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13
Q

Corticosteroids

A

General term for group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; they include mineralocorticoid hormones, glucocorticoid hormones, and steroid sex hormones; used as medication for its strong anti-inflammatory properties

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14
Q

Cortisol

A

Steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; regulates carbohydrate metabolism

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15
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Glandular system that secretes hormones directly into bloodstream rather than into duct; endocrine glands are frequently referred to as ductless glands; endocrine system includes thyroid gland, adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), testes, ovaries, and thymus gland

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16
Q

Endocrine System

A

Body system consisting of glands that secrete hormones directly into blood stream; endocrine glands include adrenal glands, parathyroid gland, pancreas, pituitary gland, testes, ovaries, thymus gland, and thyroid gland

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17
Q

Epinephrine

A

Hormone produced by adrenal medulla; also known as ‘adrenaline’; some of its actions include increased heart rate and force of contraction, bronchodilation, and relaxation of intestinal muscles

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18
Q

Estrogen

A

One of hormones produced by ovaries; works with progesterone to control menstrual cycle and is responsible for producing secondary sexual characteristics

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19
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Glands that secrete substances into a duct; examples include tears and tear ducts

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20
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of eggs in females and sperm in males

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21
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive sex cells–ova and sperm

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22
Q

Glands

A

Organs of body that release secretions; exocrine glands, like sweat glands, release their secretions into ducts; endocrine glands, such as thyroid gland, release their hormones directly into blood stream

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23
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone secreted by pancreas; stimulates liver to release glucose into blood

24
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; regulate carbohydrate levels in body; cortisol is an example

25
Q

Gonadotropins

A

Common name for follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

26
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body

27
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland; enters blood stream and is carried to target tissue; hormones work to control functioning of target tissue; given to replace loss of natural hormones or to treat disease by stimulating hormonal effects

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of diencephalon that lies just below thalamus; controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions such as fear; also regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland and regulates parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

29
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by pancreas; regulates level of sugar in blood stream; the more insulin present in blood, the lower blood sugar will be

30
Q

Iodine

A

Mineral required by thyroid to produce its hormones

31
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Regions within pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon

32
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females

33
Q

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates pigment production in skin

34
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone secreted by pineal gland; plays a role in regulating body’s circadian rhythm

35
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

Group of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; regulate electrolytes and fluid volume in body; aldosterone is an example

36
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Hormone secreted by adrenal medulla; a strong vasoconstrictor

37
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates uterine contractions during labor and delivery

38
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ in digestive system that produces digestive enzymes; also a gland in endocrine system that produces two hormones, insulin and glucagon

39
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

Four small glands located on back surface of thyroid gland; parathyroid hormone secreted by these glands regulates amount of calcium in blood

40
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Hormone secreted by parathyroid glands; the more hormone, the higher the calcium level in blood and lower the level stored in bone; low hormone level will cause tetany

41
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Gland in endocrine system that produces hormone called melatonin

42
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Endocrine gland located behind optic nerve in brain; also called ‘master gland’ since it controls functions of many other endocrine glands; is divided into two lobes: anterior and posterior; anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that aid in controlling growth and stimulating thyroid gland, sexual glands, and adrenal cortex; posterior pituitary is responsible for anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin

43
Q

Posterior Lobe

A

Posterior portion of pituitary gland; secretes anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin

44
Q

Progesterone

A

One of hormones produced by ovaries; works with estrogen to control menstrual cycle

45
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates milk production

46
Q

Somatotropin

A

Another name for growth hormone; hormone that promotes growth of body by stimulating cells to rapidly increase in size and divide

47
Q

Steroid Sex Hormones

A

Class of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; includes aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, estrogens, and progestins

48
Q

Target Organs

A

Organs that hormones act on to either increase or decrease organ’s activity level

49
Q

T Cells

A

Lymphocytes active in cellular immunity

50
Q

Thalamus

A

Portion of diencephalon; composed of gray matter and acts as center for relaying impulses from eyes, ears, and skin to cerebrum; pain perception is also controlled by thalamus

51
Q

Thymosin

A

Hormone secreted by thymus gland; causes lymphocytes to change into T lymphocytes

52
Q

Thymus Gland

A

Endocrine gland located in upper mediastinum that assists body with immune function and development of antibodies; as part of immune response is secretes hormone, thymosin, that changes lymphocytes to T cells

53
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of thyroid gland

54
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Endocrine gland located on either side of trachea; shape resembles butterfly with large left and right lobe connected by narrow isthmus; gland produces hormones thyroxine (also known as T[4]) and triiodothyronine (also known as T[3])

55
Q

Thyroxine (T[4])

A

Hormone produced by thyroid gland; also known as T[4] and requires iodine for production; hormone regulates level of cell metabolism;; the greater the level of hormone in the bloodstream, the higher cell metabolism will be

56
Q

Trilodothyronine (T[3])

A

Hormone produced by thyroid gland known as T[3] that requires iodine for its production; hormone regulates level of cell metabolism; the greater the level
of hormone in bloodstream, the higher cell metabolism will be

[MT] Lesson 6: Male and Female Reproductive Systems and the Endocrine System (28 decks)

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