6.2 variation Flashcards

1
Q

Define genotype.

A

The genetic makeup of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

An allele that will always be expressed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

An allele that will only be expressed if two copies are present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

The same alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

different alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Variation that has no distinct categories and no limit to the value. It is mostly quantitative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of continuous variation?

A

Height, weight, heart rate, finger length and leaf length.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can continuous variation be represented?

A

By a line graph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is discontinuous variation controlled by?

A

Few genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is continuous variation controlled by?

A

Multiple genes as well as the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Where there is a distinct categories with no in between values, the data tends to be qualitative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Were examples of discontinuous variation?

A

Tongue rolling eye colour fingerprints and blood group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can discontinuous variation be represented

A

On a bar graph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does polygenic mean?

A

It is controlled by many genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does monogenic mean?

A

It is controlled by one gene.

17
Q

What are the causes of genetic variation?

A
  • alleles
  • mutations
  • meiosis
  • sexual reproduction
  • cjance
18
Q

What is phenotypic variation affected by

A

The environment.

19
Q

What is chlorosis?

A

When there is a lack of chlorophyll in a plant, it is caused by environmental factors such as a mineral deficiency, lack of light or viral infection.

20
Q

What is etiolation?

A

Where plants grow abnormally long and spindly due to not enough light

21
Q

How is genetic variation created in crossing over during meiosis?

A

The non sister chromatids twist around each other and swap allels. This means that they contain the same genes, but different alleles

22
Q

How does independent assortment create variation in meiosis?

A

The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate randomly during metaphase. 1. from each pair is passed onto each daughter cell.

23
Q

How is genetic variation created during random fertilisation?

A

Any sperm is able to fertilise any egg, which means each individual is unlikely to have the existed before or again.

24
Q

What is monogenetic inheritance

A

Inheritance that it controlled by a single gene.

25
Q

What is dihybrid inheritance?

A

The inheritance of two characteristics controlled by different genes.

26
Q
A