6.2 Urban Trends And Issues Of Urbanisation Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.
What is urban growth?
The increase in the absolute size of an urban population due to natural increase and migration.
How does urbanisation differ between LICs, MICs, and HICs?
LICs & MICs have rapid urbanisation due to migration and high birth rates, while HICs experience slower growth due to stabilised populations.
What are the main consequences of rapid urbanisation?
Overcrowding, pollution, housing shortages, informal settlements, and pressure on services.
What is counter-urbanisation?
The movement of people from cities to smaller towns, rural areas, or the urban fringe.
What is re-urbanisation?
The movement of people back into urban areas after a period of decline.
What is an example of re-urbanisation?
UK transformed from industrial decline into a business and residential hub.
Why is competition for land high in urban areas?
Proximity to the city centre, transport links, demand from businesses and residents
What is gentrification?
Wealthier people move into previously low-income areas, often displacing original residents.
What is a world city?
A city that has a significant influence on global finance, trade, culture, and politics
What is the urban hierarchy?
The ranking of settlements based on size, economic importance, and influence.
Why is New York a world city?
Stock exchanges, UN headquarters, media and cultural industries such as CNN, global businesses.
What are the 5 dimensions of the A.T Keaney Global Cities Index?
- Business Activity
- Human Capital (Skills)
- Information Exchange
- Cultural Experience
- Political Engagement
What do they measure when looking at business activity in the GCI?
Value of goods traded through ports and airports
What do they measure when looking at Human Capital in the GCI?
Number of top ranked univercities
What do they measure when looking at Information Exchange in the GCI?
Internet penetration and digital connectivity
What do they measure when looking at Cultural Exchange in the GCI?
Number of international sporting events and music concerts
What do they measure when looking at Political Engagements in the GCI?
Presence of international organisations
