5.3 International migration Flashcards
What is international migration?
The movement of people across international borders for over one year.
What are the two main types of international migration?
Voluntary migration and forced (involuntary) migration.
What is voluntary migration?
Migration based on personal choice, such as for jobs, education, or better living conditions.
What is forced (involuntary) migration?
Migration due to war, persecution, natural disasters, or human rights violations.
What is refugee migration?
Migration of people fleeing conflict, persecution, or disasters, often under UNHCR protection.
What is economic migration?
Migration for better job opportunities and higher wages.
What is an asylum seeker?
A person seeking legal protection in another country due to persecution.
What is brain drain?
The loss of skilled workers from a country due to migration.
What is remittance?
Money sent by migrants to family members in their home country.
What are the two main types of causes of international migration?
Push factors (negative reasons for leaving) and pull factors (positive reasons for moving).
What is an example of large-scale economic migration?
Migrants from Mexico moving to the USA for job opportunities.
What is an example of refugee migration?
Syrian refugees fleeing to Europe due to war.
What is one positive economic impact on source areas?
Remittances, which boost local economies and reduce poverty.
What is one negative economic impact on source areas?
Brain drain, leading to a loss of skilled workers.
What is one positive social impact on source areas?
Return migrants bring new skills, investment, and innovation.
What is one negative social impact on source areas?
Family separation and ageing populations due to youth migration.
What is one positive economic impact on destination areas?
Migrants contribute to labor markets, filling job shortages.
What is one negative economic impact on destination areas?
Increased pressure on housing, healthcare, and education systems.
What is one positive social impact on destination areas?
Cultural diversity and increased innovation from migrant communities.
What is one negative social impact on destination areas?
Rising xenophobia and anti-immigration sentiment.
