4.4 Management of natural increase (Case study) Flashcards
How can governments influence natural increase?
Through pro-natalist or anti-natalist policies.
What is a pro-natalist policy?
A policy that encourages higher birth rates.
What is an anti-natalist policy?
A policy that aims to reduce birth rates.
Why do countries implement pro-natalist policies?
To counter aging populations and declining workforce.
Why do countries implement anti-natalist policies?
To reduce overpopulation and ease pressure on resources.
What is an example of an anti-natalist policy?
China’s One-Child Policy (1979–2015).
What was the main goal of China’s One-Child Policy?
To slow down rapid population growth.
What were some positive outcomes of China’s One-Child Policy?
Slower population growth, reduced poverty, and improved education access.
Why did China end the One-Child Policy?
To address its aging population and declining workforce.
What policy replaced the One-Child Policy in 2015?
The Two-Child Policy, later relaxed to a Three-Child Policy.
What were some negative outcomes of China’s One-Child Policy?
Gender imbalance, aging population, and labor shortages.
What is an example of a pro-natalist policy?
France’s Code de la Famille (1939).
Why does France need a pro-natalist policy?
To combat aging population and labor shortages.
What incentives did France offer for larger families?
Cash bonuses, tax breaks, and parental leave benefits.
What was the goal of France’s Code de la Famille?
To encourage higher birth rates.
Why did China implement a population policy?
To reduce rapid population growth in the 20th century.
How did the One-Child Policy affect China’s gender balance?
It led to a preference for male children and a surplus of men.
What were the key features of China’s One-Child Policy?
Restrictions on births, financial penalties, and strict enforcement.
