5.1 Migration as a component of population change Flashcards
What is migration?
The movement of people from one place to another, typically for over one year.
What is net migration?
The difference between immigration and emigration in a country.
What is immigration?
The act of arriving and settling in a new country.
What is emigration?
The act of leaving one’s home country to settle elsewhere.
What are the two main types of migration?
Internal migration (within a country) and international migration (between countries).
What is international migration?
Movement between countries, often involving border crossing and legal considerations.
What is internal migration?
Movement within a country, such as rural-to-urban migration.
What is forced migration?
Migration due to war, persecution, natural disasters, or other external pressures.
What is voluntary migration?
Migration based on personal choice, such as for work or education.
What are push factors in migration?
Negative conditions that drive people away from their home region.
What are some common environmental push factors?
Natural disasters, droughts, and climate change.
What are some common political push factors?
War, persecution, and political instability.
What are some common social push factors?
Poor healthcare, lack of education, and high crime rates.
What are some common economic push factors?
Unemployment, low wages, and high living costs
What are pull factors in migration?
Positive conditions that attract people to a new place.
What is chain migration?
Migration where one person moves first and others follow over time.
What is step migration?
Migration that occurs in stages, often from rural to small towns, then to cities.
What is rural-to-urban migration?
The movement of people from the countryside to cities, often for jobs.
What is counter-urbanization?
The movement of people from urban areas back to rural areas.
What is international labor migration?
The movement of workers across borders for employment.
What is refugee migration?
The movement of people forced to flee due to war, persecution, or disaster.
What is asylum migration?
Migration of individuals seeking protection from persecution in another country.
How does migration differ by age?
Young adults are more likely to migrate for education and work, while older people migrate for retirement.
How does migration differ by distance?
Short-distance migration is more common than long-distance migration due to lower costs and familiarity.
What is a Constraint?
Factors that limit or reduce the potential for migration but do not entirely prevent it
What is a Obstacle?
Factors that must be overcome during the migration process to allow it to proceed
What is a Barrier?
Factors that completely block or prevent migration altogether
