5.2 Internal migration Flashcards
What is internal migration?
The movement of people within the same country for at least one year.
What are the four main types of internal migration?
Rural-urban, urban-rural, urban-urban, and intra-urban migration.
What is rural-urban migration?
Movement from rural areas (villages, countryside) to urban areas (towns, cities).
What is urban-rural migration?
Movement from cities to rural areas, often for lifestyle or economic reasons.
What is urban-urban migration?
Migration between different cities or towns within the same country.
What is intra-urban migration?
Movement within the same city, such as relocating to another neighbourhood.
What is counter-urbanization?
When people move from urban areas to rural areas, often for a better quality of life.
What are the two main types of causes of internal migration?
Push factors (reasons for leaving) and pull factors (reasons for moving).
What are economic push factors of rural-urban migration?
Poverty, lack of jobs, and low wages in rural areas.
What are economic pull factors of rural-urban migration?
Higher wages, better job opportunities, and economic growth in cities.
What are social push factors of rural-urban migration?
Poor healthcare, limited education, and lack of modern services.
What are social pull factors of rural-urban migration?
Better healthcare, education, and improved living conditions in cities.
What are environmental push factors of rural-urban migration?
Droughts, floods, and poor agricultural conditions.
What are political push factors of internal migration?
Conflict, insecurity, and poor governance in some areas.
What are some reasons for urban-urban migration?
Job relocation, better housing, and access to specific services.
What are some reasons for urban-rural migration?
Lower cost of living, cleaner environment, and remote work opportunities.
What is a positive economic impact on rural areas?
Remittances sent by migrants help rural families financially.
What is a positive social impact on rural areas?
Returning migrants bring new skills and ideas for development.
What is a negative economic impact on rural areas?
Loss of workforce leads to labor shortages in agriculture.
What is a negative social impact on rural areas?
Family separation and ageing populations due to youth migration.
How does rural-urban migration affect population structure in rural areas?
Young people leave, increasing the proportion of elderly residents.
What is an example of stepped migration?
A person moving from a village to a small town, then to a city.
What is a positive economic impact on cities?
Migrants fill labor shortages and contribute to economic growth.
What is a positive social impact on cities?
Greater cultural diversity and workforce skills.
What is a negative economic impact on cities?
Increased competition for jobs, leading to unemployment.
What is a negative social impact on cities?
Overcrowding, leading to housing shortages and traffic congestion.
How does internal migration impact urban infrastructure?
Increased demand for housing, schools, hospitals, and transport.
