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CC 1 > 6.2 PLASMA PROTEINS > Flashcards

6.2 PLASMA PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main groups of plasma proteins?

A

Albumin
Globulins (α1, α2, β, ϒ)

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2
Q

What is another name for prealbumin, and why is it called so?

A

Transthyretin; migrates before albumin in electrophoresis

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3
Q

What are the transport functions of prealbumin?

A

Transports thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Binds retinol-binding protein to transport retinol (Vitamin A).

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4
Q

List conditions that decrease prealbumin levels.

A

Hepatic damage
Acute-phase inflammatory response
Tissue necrosis
Poor nutritional status

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5
Q

List conditions that increase prealbumin levels.

A

Alcoholism
Steroid medication
Chronic renal failure

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6
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

A

Albumin

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7
Q

What are the functions of albumin?

A

Maintains colloid osmotic pressure (COP).
Acts as a transport protein

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8
Q

Albumin acts as transport protein for:

A

Unconjugated bilirubin (B1)
Fatty acids, calcium, magnesium ions, aspirin, and drugs

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9
Q

List conditions that decrease albumin levels.

A

Malnutrition
Malabsorption
Liver disease
Protein-losing enteropathy
Renal disease
Burns or exfoliative dermatitis
Hypothyroidism
Polydipsia or excess IV fluid administration
Sepsis
Mutations (analbuminemia, bisalbuminemia)

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10
Q

What causes increased albumin levels?

A

Dehydration
Excessive albumin infusion

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11
Q

A serine protease inhibitor; inhibits neutrophil elastase to protect alveoli.

A

α1-antitrypsin

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12
Q

What conditions increase α1-antitrypsin levels?

A

Inflammatory reactions
Pregnancy (third trimester)
Contraceptive use

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13
Q

Synthesized by the embryo, fetus, and parenchymal cells of the liver.

Binds estradiol.

A

α1-fetoprotein (AFP)

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14
Q

List conditions that increase α1-fetoprotein levels.

A

Neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida, anencephaly)
Abdominal wall defects
Fetal distress

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15
Q

List conditions that decrease maternal α1-fetoprotein levels.

A

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Trisomy 18 (Edward’s syndrome)

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16
Q

Binds free hemoglobin to prevent loss of hemoglobin and iron.
Evaluates intravascular hemolysis (e.g., HTR, HDN).

A

haptoglobin

17
Q

What copper-containing α2-glycoprotein is used to diagnose Wilson’s disease?

A

Ceruloplasmin

18
Q

What are Kayser-Fleischer rings, and which condition are they associated with?

A

Copper deposits in the cornea, seen in Wilson’s disease.

19
Q

What are the main classes of immunoglobulins?

A

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE

20
Q

What is the most abundant class of immunoglobulin in plasma?

A

IgG

21
Q
A

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