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Immunosero Lec (Prelim) > 6.2 Alternative pathway for complement proteins > Flashcards

6.2 Alternative pathway for complement proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative pathway is formely known as?

A

Properdin pathway

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2
Q

What are the components of alternative pathway?

A

C3 and C9, Factor B, Factor D, and properdin

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3
Q

What bypasses in alternative pathway from classical pathway?

A

C1, C4, C2

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4
Q

NOTE: Steps for alternative pathway

A
  1. C3 is hydrolyzed by water to form C3b
  2. This then binds to Factor B then attaches to target cells
  3. Factor B is cleaved by Factor D (Ba, Bb) which then forms C3bBb which is C3 convertase
  4. More C3bBb is formed which is stabilized by properdin (C3bBbP)
  5. This then form C3bBb3b (C3bBbP3b) from an extra C3b which is C5 convertase
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5
Q

Non-specific recognition of CHO in bacterial cell wall

A

Mannose-binding lectin pathway

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6
Q

what is bypass in Mannose-binding lectin pathway?

A

C1

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7
Q

Homologous with C1q?

A

MBL

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8
Q

MASP 1, 2, 3 has a similar function to?

A

C1r and C1s

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9
Q

MASP meaning?

A

MBL associated serine proteases

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10
Q

When MBL binds to _________, MASP-2 autoactivates and cleaves C4 and C2

A

Mannose

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11
Q

NOTE: Uncontrolled activation and action of complement proteins can lead to tissue damage

A
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12
Q

NOTE: Cell-bound and plasma regulatory proteins to regulate complement proteins

A
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13
Q

Occurs at three levels of complement activation and action:

A
  1. Regulation of classical complement pathway action
  2. Regulation of C3 conversation on both classical and alternative pathway
  3. Regulation of membrane attack complex
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14
Q

What is the Regulator protein for regulation of activation

This disscociates C1r and C1s from C1q

A

C1 inhinbitor (C1 INH)

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15
Q

Regulator Protein in regulation of C3 convertase that cleaves C3b and C4b

A

Factor I

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16
Q

Regulator Protein in the regulation of C3 convertase that Dissociates C3bBb (Alternating)

A

Decay accelerating factor (DAF) and Factor H

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17
Q

Regulator Protein in the regulation of C3 convertase that Dissociates C4b2a (Classical)

A

DAF (CD 55) and C4 biniding protein (C4BP)

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18
Q

Regulator Protein in the regulation of C3 convertase that Binds C3b and C4b making them available for degradation by Factor

This delivers them to factor I

A

CR1 (CD35)

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19
Q

Regulator Protein in the regulation of C3 convertase that Most efficient cofactor of factor I-mediated C3b cleavage

A

MCP (CD 46)

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20
Q

Regulation of MAC that inhibits formation of MAC

A

Homologous Restriction Factor (HRF)

Membrance inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL)

S protein (Vitronectin)

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21
Q

Increases vascular permeability by binding to basophils and mast cells which trigger the release of histamine

C3a, C4a, C5a

A

Anaphylatoxins

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22
Q

One of the agents that causes vascular permeability

A

Histamine

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23
Q

Production of large amount of C3b molecules

A

Opsonins

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24
Q

Influence the migration of phagocytosis to the site of injury?

C5a

A

Chemotactic factors

25
Q

Receptors for C3b / iC3b

What complement is expressed by phagocytes

Opsonins mediated recognition and clearance of circulating immune complexes

A

CR1, CR3, CR4

26
Q

Receptor for inactivated C3b which is found on B lymphocytes

Target receptor of Epstein Bar virus

A

CR2

27
Q

Found on basophil and mast cells, phagocytes, and epithelial cells

Degranulation that leads to the release of inflammatory mediators

Receptors for anaphylatoxin

A

C3aR and C5aR

28
Q

SLE-like syndrome; increased susceptibiliy to bacterial infections

A

C1q, C1s

29
Q

SLE-like syndrome; URT disease, chronic kidney disease

A

C1r

30
Q

SLE; glomerulonephritis; pyogenic infection

A

C4

31
Q

SLE; increased susceptibility to bacterial infection; recurrent infectious diseases

A

C2

32
Q

SLE-like syndrome; recurrent bacterial infection

A

C3

33
Q

Complement deficiencies that can cause Neisseria infection

A

C5-C9

34
Q

Deficient regulator proteins that can cause Hereditary angiodema

A

C1 inhibitor

35
Q

Deficient regulator proteins that can cause Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

DAF (CD55), MIRL (CD59)

36
Q

Deficient regulator proteins that can cause Recurrent pyogenic infection

A

Factor H, and Factor I MBL

37
Q

Deficient regulator proteins that can cause Pneumococcal disease, sepsis, Neisseria infection

A

MBL

38
Q

Deficient regulator proteins that can cause Neisseria infection

A

Properdin

39
Q

Deficient regulator proteins that can cause Pneumococcal disease

A

MASP-2

40
Q

DAF and MIRL are anchored in phospholipid called?

A

Phosphatidylinositol

41
Q

What anticoagulant used to destory C1 by chelating Calcium (Ca2+)?

A

EDTA

42
Q

What anticoagulant inhibits the cleavage of C4 by activated C1

A

Heparin

43
Q

Why inactivate complement proteins

A

Interferes reading

44
Q

What sample is used in VDRL from syphilis

A

Pre heated serum

45
Q

What temp and time inactivates C1, C2, C4

A

56 C for 30 mins

46
Q

What temp and time inactivates Factor B

A

50 C for 20 mins

47
Q

NOTE: Serum becomes anti complementary upon storage

A
48
Q

What test is used for quantitative?

A

Radial immunodiffusion and Nephelometry

49
Q

What test is used for qualitative

A

Hemolytic titration Assay

50
Q

in Hemolytic titration Assay this used for classical pathway which determines the amount of patient serum required to lysed 50% of SENSITIZED cells (Cells coated with antibodies)

A

CH50

51
Q

What is the principle for CH50

A

The higher the patient’s serum is decrease in complement functions

52
Q

in Hemolytic titration Assay, this uses buffer such as, ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid a, and MgCl (Calcium chelator)

A

AH50

53
Q

Not all antigens are susceptoble to complement-mediated lysis T or F

A

T

54
Q

Complement activity can be destroyed in-vitro?

A

T

55
Q

IgM and IgG are the only antibodies that can activate the Alternative pathway

A

F, Classical pathway is dependent to immunoglobulin

56
Q

Complement is bound to all antigen-antibody complexes provided that the antibody is of proper isotype

A

T

57
Q

Complement is found in all mammalian sera, and sera of most lower animals

A

T

58
Q

Complement of one species will usually will react with antibodies of other species

A

T

59
Q

Complement can contribute to chemotaxis, anaphylaxis, opsonization, and other physiologic functions

A

T

Immunosero Lec (Prelim) (8 decks)

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