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Immunosero Lec (Prelim) > 3.2 Antigens and Major histocompatibility complex > Flashcards

3.2 Antigens and Major histocompatibility complex Flashcards

1
Q

Macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing formation of antibodies or sensitivzed in an immunocompetent host

A

Immunogens

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2
Q

Substances that react with an antibody or sensitized T cells but many not evoke an immune response

A

Antigen

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3
Q

Characteristics of an immunogen

A

Molecular size
Foreignness
Chemical composition of mol

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4
Q

How man daltons must be for immunogens

A

10000 Daltons

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5
Q

What do you called immunogens with more than 100,000 daltons?

A

Potent immunogens

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6
Q

More than 1000 but less than 6000 daltons is called for immunogens?

A

Week immunogens

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7
Q

Degree to which antigenic determine are recognized as non self

A

Foreigness

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8
Q

Must be subjected to antigen processing, complexed to MHC molecule and presented to lymphocytes

A

Degradability

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9
Q

Most effective immunogens?

A

Proteins and polysaccharides

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10
Q

Which between proteins and polysaccharide is more immunogenic?

A

Proteins (Due to complexity of amino acid that can be used for antigenic determinants)

For polysaccharide, glucose is used

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11
Q

Non-immunogenic

A

Less than 1000 daltons

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12
Q

Incomplete immunogens or simple antigens is called?

Cannot trigger immune response

A

Haptens

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13
Q

Hapten + Carrier?

A

Immunogenic

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14
Q

Antigens that belong to the host; self antigens

A

Autoantigens

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15
Q

Antigens from another member of the host’s species

A

Alloantigens

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16
Q

Antigens from another species

A

Heteroantigens

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17
Q

Exits in unrelated plants or animals with identical or closely related structures

A

Heterophile antigens

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18
Q

Antigenic determinants; Molecular shapes or configuration recognized by B or T cells

A

Epitopes

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19
Q

2 types of epitopes?

A

Sequential/Linear

Conformational/Folded

20
Q

Epitopes in a single chain which is recognized by B cells

A

Linear

21
Q

These are recognized by B and T cells

Folding of one or multiple chains brining certain amino acids from different segments of a linear sequence in closer

A

Conformational epitopes

22
Q

Non-immunogenic materials that when combined to a carrier, create new antigenic determinants

Can bind to antibodies but cannot trigger immune responce

Cannot cross link with multiple antibodies thys no precipitation and agglutination

A

Hapten

23
Q

Binds to haptens to trigger immune response

A

Carrier

24
Q

Example of hapten?

A

Poison ivy (containcs catechols)

Drug-protein conjugates (penicillin)

25
Q

Substance administered with an immunogen that increase the immune response

Contains in vaccine

Protects immunogens from degradation allowing longer response time

Allows more contact time

Does not let the immunogens to degrade allowing more contact time

A

Adjuvants

26
Q

Most common adjuvant?

This is approved for human used

A

Alum adjuvant

27
Q

Uses for animal studies that contains muramyl dipeptide adjuvant?

A

Freund’s complete adjuvant

28
Q

Long hydrocarbon that contains MF59 and AS03

A

Squalene

29
Q

Substances that stimulate cells to generate a population of one clone

A

Monoclonal activators

30
Q

Substances that stimulate cells that has a common feature in the antigen receptor to generate a population of few different clone

A

Oligoclonal activators

31
Q

Substances that bind to molecules present on all T cells and or B cells; whole population become activated and generates many clones

A

Polyclonal activators

32
Q

Also known as Plant glycoproteins

A

Mitogens

33
Q

Example of Polyclonal activators

A

Phytohemagglutinin- T Cells
Concanavalin A - T cells
Lipopolysaccharides - B
Pokeweed Mitogen - T and B cells

34
Q

Found on all nucleated cells which is important in the development of humoral and cell mediated immunity

First identified in human white blood cells

A

Major histocompatibility complex

35
Q

Most polymorphic system in humans

A

MHC genes

36
Q

MHC genes found in the short arm of chromosome?

A

Chromosome 6

37
Q

Found in 3 different loci (A, B, C); only 1 gene is coding for each molecules

A

Class I gene

38
Q

Located in the D region with different loci; 1 gene for alpha chain; 1 or more gene for Beta chain

A

Class II

39
Q

Highest in lymphocytes and myeloid cells; lowest in hepatocytes, nerve cells, muscle cells and sperm cells

(Found in all nucleated cells)

A

Class I

HLA - B27 (There is B)
HLA - A1 (There is A)

40
Q

Dendritic cell is considered what Class?

A

I and II

It is APC and has nucleus

41
Q

NOTE: T cells can only recognize antigens if they are combined with MHC molecules

A
42
Q

Class I molecule is presented _______ to the CD 8 T cell

(Cytotoxic T cell)

A

Endogenous antigen

43
Q

Class II molecule is presented _______ to the CD 4+ T cells

A

Exogenous antigen

(NK cells)

44
Q

Example of mitogens that tageted by T cells only

A

Phytohemagglutinin
Concanavalin A

45
Q

Example of mitogens that is targeted by B cells

A

Lipopolysaccharide

46
Q

Example of mitogens that is targeted by both t and b cells

A

Pokeweed mitogen

Immunosero Lec (Prelim) (8 decks)

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