3.2 Antigens and Major histocompatibility complex

Question 1

Macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing formation of antibodies or sensitivzed in an immunocompetent host

Answer 1

Immunogens

Question 2

Substances that react with an antibody or sensitized T cells but many not evoke an immune response

Answer 2

Antigen

Question 3

Characteristics of an immunogen

Answer 3

Molecular size
Foreignness
Chemical composition of mol

Question 4

How man daltons must be for immunogens

Answer 4

10000 Daltons

Question 5

What do you called immunogens with more than 100,000 daltons?

Answer 5

Potent immunogens

Question 6

More than 1000 but less than 6000 daltons is called for immunogens?

Answer 6

Week immunogens

Question 7

Degree to which antigenic determine are recognized as non self

Answer 7

Foreigness

Question 8

Must be subjected to antigen processing, complexed to MHC molecule and presented to lymphocytes

Answer 8

Degradability

Question 9

Most effective immunogens?

Answer 9

Proteins and polysaccharides

Question 10

Which between proteins and polysaccharide is more immunogenic?

Answer 10

Proteins (Due to complexity of amino acid that can be used for antigenic determinants)

For polysaccharide, glucose is used

Question 11

Non-immunogenic

Answer 11

Less than 1000 daltons

Question 12

Incomplete immunogens or simple antigens is called?

Cannot trigger immune response

Answer 12

Haptens

Question 13

Hapten + Carrier?

Answer 13

Immunogenic

Question 14

Antigens that belong to the host; self antigens

Answer 14

Autoantigens

Question 15

Antigens from another member of the host’s species

Answer 15

Alloantigens

Question 16

Antigens from another species

Answer 16

Heteroantigens

Question 17

Exits in unrelated plants or animals with identical or closely related structures

Answer 17

Heterophile antigens

Question 18

Antigenic determinants; Molecular shapes or configuration recognized by B or T cells

Answer 18

Epitopes

Question 19

2 types of epitopes?

Answer 19

Sequential/Linear

Conformational/Folded

Question 20

Epitopes in a single chain which is recognized by B cells

Answer 20

Linear

Question 21

These are recognized by B and T cells

Folding of one or multiple chains brining certain amino acids from different segments of a linear sequence in closer

Answer 21

Conformational epitopes

Question 22

Non-immunogenic materials that when combined to a carrier, create new antigenic determinants

Can bind to antibodies but cannot trigger immune responce

Cannot cross link with multiple antibodies thys no precipitation and agglutination

Answer 22

Hapten

Question 23

Binds to haptens to trigger immune response

Answer 23

Carrier

Question 24

Example of hapten?

Answer 24

Poison ivy (containcs catechols)

Drug-protein conjugates (penicillin)

Question 25

Substance administered with an immunogen that increase the immune response Contains in vaccine Protects immunogens from degradation allowing longer response time Allows more contact time Does not let the immunogens to degrade allowing more contact time

Answer 25

Adjuvants

Question 26

Most common adjuvant? This is approved for human used

Answer 26

Alum adjuvant

Question 27

Uses for animal studies that contains muramyl dipeptide adjuvant?

Answer 27

Freund's complete adjuvant

Question 28

Long hydrocarbon that contains MF59 and AS03

Answer 28

Squalene

Question 29

Substances that stimulate cells to generate a population of one clone

Answer 29

Monoclonal activators

Question 30

Substances that stimulate cells that has a common feature in the antigen receptor to generate a population of few different clone

Answer 30

Oligoclonal activators

Question 31

Substances that bind to molecules present on all T cells and or B cells; whole population become activated and generates many clones

Answer 31

Polyclonal activators

Question 32

Also known as Plant glycoproteins

Answer 32

Mitogens

Question 33

Example of Polyclonal activators

Answer 33

Phytohemagglutinin- T Cells Concanavalin A - T cells Lipopolysaccharides - B Pokeweed Mitogen - T and B cells

Question 34

Found on all nucleated cells which is important in the development of humoral and cell mediated immunity First identified in human white blood cells

Answer 34

Major histocompatibility complex

Question 35

Most polymorphic system in humans

Answer 35

MHC genes

Question 36

MHC genes found in the short arm of chromosome?

Answer 36

Chromosome 6

Question 37

Found in 3 different loci (A, B, C); only 1 gene is coding for each molecules

Answer 37

Class I gene

Question 38

Located in the D region with different loci; 1 gene for alpha chain; 1 or more gene for Beta chain

Answer 38

Class II

Question 39

Highest in lymphocytes and myeloid cells; lowest in hepatocytes, nerve cells, muscle cells and sperm cells (Found in all nucleated cells)

Answer 39

Class I HLA - B27 (There is B) HLA - A1 (There is A)

Question 40

Dendritic cell is considered what Class?

Answer 40

I and II It is APC and has nucleus

Question 41

NOTE: T cells can only recognize antigens if they are combined with MHC molecules

Question 42

Class I molecule is presented _______ to the CD 8 T cell (Cytotoxic T cell)

Answer 42

Endogenous antigen

Question 43

Class II molecule is presented _______ to the CD 4+ T cells

Answer 43

Exogenous antigen (NK cells)

Question 44

Example of mitogens that tageted by T cells only

Answer 44

Phytohemagglutinin Concanavalin A

Question 45

Example of mitogens that is targeted by B cells

Answer 45

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 46

Example of mitogens that is targeted by both t and b cells

Answer 46

Pokeweed mitogen