1. Overview (Lecture) Flashcards
It is the study of immunity
The ways in which the immune system can be advantageously manipulated to protect against or treat diseases
More of concept
Immunology
The ability of an organisms to resist infections or disease
Immunity
The study of the fluid components of the blood especially antibodies
More of application
Serology
Most frequently encountered specimen in immunologic testing
Serum
NOTE: Serum is used to identify antigen and antibodies
Differentiate the recognize self from non-self
Immuno tolerance
Natural resistance, recovery and acquired resistance to infectious diseases
Desirable effects of IRs
Hypersensitivity, allograft rejection, autoimmune diseases
Undesirable effects of IRs
NOTE: Non-Self materials range from infectious microorganisms to life-saving organ transplantation
Describes a plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian war
Meaning: Those who recovered from the plague could nurse the sick without being infected
Thucydides (430 BC)
What year chinese developed a custom of inhaling crusts from smallpox lesions to prevent the development of smallpox later in life
1500 AD
Causative agent of smallpox?
Variola virus
Introduced the practice of Variolation to western medicine
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu 1718
NOTE: Smallpox Contains Virulent Virus
Injecting materials from smallpox blisters; widely practiced in eastern medicine
Variolation
Variolation came from Infected person meaning, it contains virulent virus
Considered the father of immunology
Who discovered the smallpox vaccine
Edward Jenner 1798
NOTE: Edward Jenner He noticed that milkmaids who contracted cowpox were spared from smallpox epidemics
This then inoculated to a boy to inject cowpox blisters which provides immunity to smallpox
Vaccination came from the word Vacca meaning?
Cow
Immunity developed from one disease will also be effective to another
Ex. Cowpox and smallpox
Cross immunity
Father of modern microbiology
Discovered attenuated (Weakened or killed) vaccines
Discovered vaccines against rabies, Anthrax, and chicken cholera
(Can be considered as the father of immunology)
Louis Pasteur
Causative agent of chicken pox?
Varicella zoster virus
The ability to triggered immune responce
Immunogenicity
Cellular theory f immunity through phagocytsis
Experimented on starfish larvae
Elie Metchnikoff (1880-1900)
Factors that are dissolved in the blood (Soluble factors)
Humoral factors
NOTE: The theory of phagocytosis is not well accepted because of humoral factors not until Opsonins was discovered
Antigen-antibody binding is also known as?
Lattice hypothesis
glycoproteins produced by the immune system in response to exposure from an immunogenic material
Hallmark of immunogenic material
Antibody
Antibody is also known as?
Immunoglobulin or gamma globulin
Any material that is capable of binding to the product of an immuno response
Antigen
Any material that is capable of eliciting an immune response in an immunocompetent host
Immunogen
NOTE: ALL immunogens are Antigens
NOTE: Not ALL antigens are immunogens
The reaction of the immune system to immunogenic stimulation
Immune response
A form of immune defense represented by antiodies and other soluble factors in the blood and body fluids
Humoral immunity
A form of immune defense represented by immune cells such as lymphocytes, phagocytic cells, antigen-presenting cells and inflammatory cells.
Cell mediated immunity
Basis for the vaccination wherein the pathogens became less virulent, can be weaken or be killed
Attenuation
Where did Eli Metchnikoff observe phagocytosis?
Starfish Larvae
