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Immunosero Lec (Prelim) > 2. Immunity > Flashcards

2. Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Ability of the body to protect itself from invasion of pathogens agents and provide a defense against their harmful effect

Can be classified as non specific or specific

A

Immunity

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2
Q

Natural/innate that is already present at birth

Functions in a standardized manner when subjected to challenge regardless of the nature of pathogen

Does not distinguish on pathogen from another

A

Non-specific immunity

(Innate immunity)

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3
Q

NOTE:
Components of non specific immunity:

Physical (Flushing mechanisms such as sweats etc)

Skin

A
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4
Q

Adaptive/Acquired that has the components of immune system that adapts

This leads to formation of antibodies and / or sensitized T cells

HALLMARK: Antibody production

A

Specific immunity

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5
Q

What are the properties of specific immunity?

A

Specificity and memory

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6
Q

ability to act on specific antigen

A

Specificity

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7
Q

Factors affecting protection by specific immunity

A
  1. Infectious dose (Depending the dosage of this microorganisms, it will activate the specific immunity)
  2. Route of administration
  3. Type of agent (Not all agent [Antigen] triggers immune response)
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8
Q

Lowest infectious dosage (Bacteria)

A

Shigella spp.

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9
Q

Type of specific immunity?

A

Active and Passive spcific immunity

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10
Q

Advantage: Long-term immunity
Disadvantage: Takes time to be established

A

Active specific immunity

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11
Q

Infection is occured due to exposure to immunogens creating antibodies

A

Natural active specific immunity

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12
Q

Vaccination is used for exposure to create antibodies

A

Artificial active specific immunity

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13
Q

Hallmark of active specific immunity?

A

End product: creates Antibodies

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14
Q

Advantage: Easily established
Disadvantage: Short term protection

A

Passive specific immunity

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15
Q

Breastfeeding gives antibodies

A

Natural passive specific immunity

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16
Q

Immunization is given to give antibodies

A

Artificial passive specific immunity

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17
Q

What is the hallmark of passive specific immunity?

A

Given Antibodies

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18
Q

What cell retains the memory in active specific immunity

A

Memory cells

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19
Q

LIne of immune defenses

A
  1. Non Specific immunity
  2. Specific immunity
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20
Q

First line of immune defense

A

Anatomical barriers and body functions

Genetic susceptibility and non susceptibility

Provision of unfavorable environment for pathogens

Normal flora

Flushing mechanism

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21
Q

Factors that influence the first line of defense

A
  1. Age
  2. Nutrition
  3. Comorbidities
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22
Q

Provides physical barrier and has active mechanisms for killing pathogens

Self sterilization by desiccation, desquamation, pH and fatty acid secretion

S. aureus can survive in fatty acid environmment

A

Skin and mucous membranes

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23
Q

NOTE: The acidity / Alkalinity of the stomach, intestinal tract and vagina inhibits microbial growth (Such as H. pylori)

L. acidophilus

A
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24
Q

Non-pathogenic microorganisms that prevents colonization of pathogenic microorganisms

A

Normal flora

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25
Q

Example of flushing mechanisms

A

Lacrimation
micturition
Cilia
Defacation

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26
Q

NOTE: Negative in Duffy antigens prevents malaria

A
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27
Q

What are the second line of immune defense

A

Inflammation

Leukocytes

Non-specific humoral factors

28
Q

Tissues reaction to injury or infection

A

Inflammation

29
Q

Cardinal signs of Inflammation

A
  1. Rubor
  2. Calor
  3. Tumor
  4. Dolor
  5. Functio Laesa
30
Q

What is the cardinal signs for Redness

31
Q

What is the cardinal signs for Heat

32
Q

What is the cardinal signs for Swelling

33
Q

What happens in the vessel when inflammation occurs due to redness?

A

Vasodilation

34
Q

What is the cardinal signs for Pain

35
Q

Diminished function

A

Functio Laesa

36
Q

Why heat is caused in inflammation?

A

Due to blood since they produce heat (For Thermoregulation, and maintains for metabolism)

37
Q

What causes the tumor in inflammation?

A

Increased vascular permeability (Opening of endothelial cells in the vessels causing leakage of plasma = Increased in WBC)

38
Q

What causes the pain in inflammation?

A

Naiipit ung nerves due to swelling (Alerts to Functio Laesa for easy repair)

39
Q

Phases of inflammation?

A
  1. Vascular
  2. Cellular
  3. Resolution and repair
40
Q

Localized vasodilation resulting to?

41
Q

This response for vasodilation and temporary stasis

A

Vascular response

42
Q

Neutrophil is also known as?

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

43
Q

Most prominet WBC in children’s?

A

Lymphocytes

44
Q

1/3 Primary Azurophilic granules?

A

Myeloperoxidase > HOCl

Lysozymes

45
Q

Part of Specific granules that sequesters Iron

A

Lactoferrin

46
Q

What are the secondary / specific granules

A

Lactoferrin

Respiratory/Oxidative burst components
- NADPH oxidase > ROS

47
Q

This WBC increase in acute bacterial infection and the first to come

A

Neutrophil

48
Q

Capable of phagocytosis can neutrolize basophil and mast cells

functions fo allergic reactions, Parasitic infection and tissue invasive parasites

A

Eosinophils

49
Q

Largest cells in the peripheral blood

Kidney bean shape or Horseshoe shaped

50
Q

This contains in granulocytes where agranulocyte none

A

Peroxidase granules

51
Q

Arise form monocytes and serve as antigen presenting cells

A

Macrophage

52
Q

Liver macrophage

A

Kupffer cells

53
Q

Lungs macrophage

A

Alveolar cells

54
Q

Resemble basophils but is located in tissue

Involved in inflammation and allergic reactions

A

Mast cells

55
Q

Cells that are covered with long membranous extensions that resemble nerve cell dendrites
MOST EFFECTIVE Antigen Presenting Cells and most potent phagocytic cell

Capture antigen through phagocytosis to deliver it to T cells

A

Dendritic cell

56
Q

Cells that are covered with long membranous extensions that resemble nerve cell dendrites
MOST EFFECTIVE Antigen Presenting Cells and most potent phagocytic cell

Capture antigen through phagocytosis to deliver it to T cells

A

Dendritic cell

57
Q

Predominant in Chronic inflammation

A

Macrophage

58
Q

4 phases of Phagocytosis

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Chemotaxis
  3. Engulfment
  4. Digestion / Degradation

ICED

59
Q

2 types of phagocytosis?

A

Direct and indirect

60
Q

Direct recognition of microbial antigens through pathogen recognition receptors

A

Direct phagocytosis

61
Q

Recognition of opsonin-coated microbes through FcyR or CR3

Can recognize more

A

Indirect phagocytosis

62
Q

Pathogen recognition receptors that allow direct recognition?

A

Toll like receptors

63
Q

Toll protein came from what animal?

A

Drosophila spp.

64
Q

Serum proteins that attach to a foreign cell or pathogen and help speed up phagocytosis

65
Q

Movement of phagocytes towards the source of chemoattractants

A

Chemotaxis

66
Q

Movement of phagocytes from the circulating pool to the peripheral tissues through the vessel wall

A

Diapedesis

67
Q

Induce directional cell migration

A

Chemoattractants

Immunosero Lec (Prelim) (8 decks)

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