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Mod 6 > 6.2 > Flashcards

6.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is titanium used?

A

High strength, light weight, good temperature and corrosion resistance

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2
Q

How much lighter is titanium compared to steel?

A

56%

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3
Q

The strength of titanium is maintained to what temperatures?

A

800F (427C)

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4
Q

What temperatures must titanium be protected?

A

1000F (583C)

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5
Q

Why must you have a fire extinguisher when working with titanium?

A

Because sparks will ignite titanium dust

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6
Q

What temperature will titanium ignite at when oxygen is present?

A

1950F (1065C)

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7
Q

Why is pure aluminium highly corrosion resistant?

A

Because it forms a non-porous oxide coating

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8
Q

Why must pure aluminium be alloyed?

A

Because its too soft in a pure form

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9
Q

What are most structural aircraft parts made from?

A

Heat-treated aluminium alloys

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10
Q

What is alloying?

A

Mixing aluminium with with other metals to make it stronger

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11
Q

Wrought and cast aluminium’s are identified by a four digit number, designated by who?

A

Aluminium association of America

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12
Q

What is the wrought and cast aluminium’s identification system called?

A

AA-numbers

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13
Q

What is the first digit in the AA-number represent?

A

The major alloying element

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14
Q

What is the second digit in the AA-number represent?

A

Alloying modification

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15
Q

What do the last two digits in the AA-number represent?

A

Alloy designator

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16
Q

Aluminium is how much lighter than steel?

A

Three times lighter

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17
Q

How much more electrical conductivity does aluminium have compared too copper?

A

Twice as much

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18
Q

Why is remelting aluminium so efficient?

A

Because it remains un-charged

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19
Q

How much energy is needed to remelt aluminium compared to production?

A

5%

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20
Q

How is cladding of aluminium alloys completed?

A

Thin layers are rolled on all sides at high temperature

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21
Q

What is the thickness of clad layers?

A

3-5% of the material thickness

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22
Q

What does the direction of text on ALclad indicate?

A

Direction of grain structure

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23
Q

What is cladding usually made from?

A

Pure aluminium with 1% zinc

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24
Q

What is special about the 1000 series in aluminium designation?

A

10xx means 99% and xx54 means 0.54% (1054=99.54%)

25
Q

What is work hardening also known as?

A

Strain hardening or cold working

26
Q

What is work hardening ?

A

Strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation

27
Q

What’s the time frame from furnace to quench?

A

10 seconds

28
Q

Why does quenching of aluminium needs to be done quickly?

A

Because its alloying metals begin to precipitate from the base metal

29
Q

What are aluminium alloys heated in?

A

Molten sodium, potassium nitrate bath, hot-air furnace

30
Q

What are the three ways to harden alloy after it has been heated and quenched?

A
  • cold working
  • natural age hardening
  • artificial ageing
31
Q

What is natural age hardening?

A

When left at room temperature for days to allow the alloy to precipitate at the grain boundary

32
Q

What is artificial ageing?

A

When the temperature is raised which increases the precipitation at the grain boundary

33
Q

How can age hardening be slowed down?

A

By freezing the alloy immediately after quenching

34
Q

How many times can clad material be heat-treated?

A

3

35
Q

Why can you only use heat treatment processes a certain amount of times on clad material?

A

Because small amounts of alloying agents can precipitate out into the clad layer causing corrosion

36
Q

What does F stand for in basic heat treatment designation?

A

As fabricated

37
Q

What does O stand for in the basic heat treatment designation?

A

Annealed

38
Q

What does H stand for in the basic heat treatment designation?

A

Strain hardened

39
Q

What does W stand for in basic heat treatment designation?

A

Solution heat-treated

40
Q

What does T stand for in the basic heat treatment designation?

A

Heat-treated to produce stable tempers other than F, O, or H

41
Q

In the basic heat treatment designation what is T followed by?

A

Numbers 1 to 10 depending on type of heat-treatment

42
Q

How are non-heat treatment alloys hardened?

A

By cold working/ strain hardening

43
Q

For non-heat treatable alloys what are the second digits and what do they represent?

A 
Hx2= 1/4 hard
Hx4= 1/2 hard
Hx6= 3/4 hard
Hx8= full hard
Hx9= extra hard
44
Q

What are the three reasons magnesium is rarely used on aircraft today?

A
  • highly corrosive
  • difficult to work with
  • highly flammable
45
Q

Why is pure magnesium alloyed with other elements used?

A

It is 2/3 the weight of aluminium and its not magnetic

46
Q

Where is magnesium mostly used on an aircraft?

A

Instrument casings

47
Q

Because magnesium has no classification system due to international acceptance, what is mostly used instead?

A

American society for testing materials (ASTM)

48
Q

What is used to put out a magnesium fire?

A

Noble gases (helium or argon) or sand

49
Q

What are the three heat treatments for magnesium alloys?

A
  • solution treatment (T4)
  • precipitation hardening (T5)
  • annealing (T6)
50
Q

Why must magnesium never be heated in a salt bath?

A

It may result in an explosion

51
Q

What is GLARE?

A

GLAss REinforced Laminate

52
Q

What are fibre metal laminates (FMLs)?

A

Material consisting of thin layers of metal sheets and uni-directional fibre layers

53
Q

What is the range of thickness for the aluminium in GLARE?

A

0.2-0.5mm

54
Q

What determines the grade of GLARE?

A

The number of epoxy prepreg layers

55
Q

What are the three parts of the laminate coding system?

E.g 4B-4/3-0.4

A

1st= fibre grade and orientation
2nd= X layers of aluminium / X layers of fibre
3rd= aluminium layer thickness (mm)
E.g 4B-4/3-0.4

56
Q

Where is GLARE mostly used?

A
  • fuselage skin material
  • blast resistant containers
  • cargo floors and liners
57
Q

What are the advantages of fibre metal laminates?

A
  • high strength
  • fatigue resistant
  • damage tolerant
  • impact and blast resistant
  • fire resistant
  • thermal isolation
58
Q

What are the two functions of a leading edge?

A

Maintain the right aerodynamic shape and to protect the aircraft

59
Q

What is a blast resistant container (FAP) made from?

A

Glare with an aluminium frame

Mod 6 (17 decks)

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