6.1 Vaccination

Question 1

What is an antigen?

Answer 1

unique protein found on the surface membrane of cells

Question 2

What is an antibody?

Answer 2

protein made by white blood cells in response to specific antigens

Question 3

Give an example of a bacterial disease

Answer 3

Bacterial: tuberculosis, tetanus, diphtheria

Question 4

Give an example of a viral disease

Answer 4

viral: polio, measles, whooping cough.

Question 5

Explain how the immune system of your body works

5 Marks

Answer 5

• Every cell has unique proteins on its surface called antigens.
• Immune system recognises that antigens on microorganisms entering the body are different from those on body’s own cells.
• White blood cells make antibodies to target antigens and destroy pathogens.
• Memory cells remember precise antibody needed to destroy particular pathogen and can produce this antibody very quickly if same pathogen gets into body again, providing immunity to that disease.

Question 6

Explain how vaccines use your natural immune system to protect you against serious diseases(5 Marks)

Answer 6

• Small amount of dead or inactive form of pathogen introduced into body, stimulating white blood cells to produce antibodies needed to fight pathogen and prevent illness.
  If same, live pathogen is encountered later, body can make correct antibodies like if you had already had the disease = protection.

Question 7

Explain why vaccines can be used against both bacterial and viral diseases(5 Marks)

Answer 7

• because they stimulate the immune system
  to target both bacterial and viral pathogens.
  -Both can be grown in a laboratory for use
  in vaccines.
• It is difficult to develop vaccines for certain viruses (common cold) as the viruses mutate quickly, changing their format by the time a vaccine is developed.

Question 8

True or False Antigens on a microorganism are the SAME as the ones on your own cells

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What are your memory cells and what can they do?

Answer 9

white blood cells

They can make the right antibodies to kill pathogens which makes yopu immune to different diseases

Question 10

Why are people vaccinated?

Answer 10

to be protected against serious diseases

Question 11

What is immunisation?

Answer 11

When a Small amount of dead or inactive form of a disease causing microorganism is introduced into body.
It stimulates your body’s natural immune response to invading pathogens

Question 12

What does MMR vaccine protect against?

Answer 12

measles, mumps, rubella

Question 13

What disease was totall wiped out by vaccine?

Answer 13

small pox. Doctors hope polio will soon be

Question 14

What is herd immunity?

Answer 14

large portion of the population is immune to a disease (disease may even disappear)

If the number of people taking the vaccine falls = the herd immunity is lost = disease can reappear