6.1 Infections of the Reproductive Tract Flashcards
What is a sexually transmitted infection?
Infection spread by sexual activity
What is a sexually transmitted disease?
Symptomatic diseases spread by sexually activity
What is the most common type of STI in the UK?
Chlamydia
Name some at risk groups
Young people
Certain ethnic groups
Low socioeconomic groups
Many sexual partners
What is contact tracing?
Contact tracing is following up with a patient suffering from an STI’s past sexual partners to check they do not also have an STI
How does a HPV infection present?
Benign, painless, verrucous cutaneous/anogenital/mucosal warts
What are the 2 high risk types of HPV?
16 and 18
How can a diagnosis be made for a HPV infection?
Biopsy
Genome analysis
Hybrid culture
How can HPV infections be treated?
Spontaneously resolved
Cryotherapy
What bacteria causes chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What does a chlamydia trachomatis infection cause?
Urethritis, salpingitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, perihepitis
What can a chlamydial trachomatis infection cause in a neonate?
Conjunctivitis or pneumonia
How is chlamydia diagnosed?
NAAT to 1st void urine
Endocervical and urethral swabs
How does primary genital herpes present?
Extensive painful ulceration
Dysuria
Fever
How is a diagnosis of primary genital herpes made?
PCR of vesicle fluid
How is genital herpes treated?
Aciclovir
What organism causes gonorrhoae?
Neisseria gonorrhoea
How can gonorrhoea be diagnosed?
Swab from urethra, cervix or urine
How is gonorrhoea treated?
Ceftriaxone and azithromycin
How is chlamydia treated?
Azithromycin
What is the causative organism of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
Describe the pathophysiology of syphilis
1st- indurated, painless ulcer
2nd- 6-8 weeks later= rash, fever, lymphadenopathy
Latent for years
3rd- neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis
How is syphilis treated?
Penicillin
How does a trichomonas vaginalis infection present?
Thin, frothy, foul-smelling discharge
Irritation
Dyuria
Inflammation
How is a trichomonas vaginalis infection treated?
Metronidazole
How does a vulvovaginal candidiasis present?
Whity, itchy, thick discharge
What organism causes vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Candida albicans
How is vulvovaginal candidiasis treated?
Topical azole or nystatin
Oral fluconazole
How does bacterial vaginosis present?
Fishy discharge
How is bacterial vaginosis treated?
Metronidazole
How can bacterial vaginosis be diagnosed?
KOH wiff test
Vaginal ph>5
