6.1 - Function of the Immune System & Types of Pathogens Flashcards
What is the literal meaning of immunis?
exempt
What is immunity?
the body’s ability to fight off foreign invaders
What are the keys features of the immune system?
- lymphoid tissues
- immune cells
- chemicals that coordinate and execute function
What are some foreign invaders that the immune system protects the body from?
- microbes = bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
- parasites = worms
- toxins produced by microbes
- allergens
What feature of the immune system helps to remove dead/damaged tissue and cells?
immune cells scavenge the extracellular environments
TRUE OR FALSE:
Abnormal cells (unable to stop growing) are detected and removed by the immune system
TRUE
List the diseases that occur when the immune system does not perform normally:
incorrect responses: autoimmunity
- cells attack their own body cells
overactive responses: allergies
lack of response: immunodeficiency
- body unable to fight off invaders
What are pathogens?
disease-causing agents
List the types of pathogens
- parasites
- bacteria
- viruses
TRUE OR FALSE:
Parasites are generally intracellular
FALSE
parasites = extracellular
Parasites enter the body via a variety of routes. What are some diseases they can cause?
chronic illness, nutritional deficiencies, death
Give an example of a parasite
malaria, enters via insect bite
Are bacteria intracellular or extracellular?
BOTH
What is the structure of a bacteria cell?
surrounded by cell membrane and cell wall
How do we get rid of bacterias?
drugs: anti-biotics
TRUE OR FALSE:
Bacteria cannot survive and reproduce outside host
FALSE
Bacteria CAN survive and reproduce outside host
TRUE OR FALSE:
Viruses are extracellular pathogens
FALSE
Viruses: intracellular
TRUE OR FALSE:
Viruses are cells
FALSE:
Viruses= not cells
What is the structure of a virus?
nucleic acid core and protein coat
TRUE OR FALSE
Viruses cannot reproduce alone and need host cells
TRUE
How are viruses treated?
anti viral drugs
What happens to a virus once inside a host cell?
- nucleic acid takes over
- reproduces more viral cells inside the host cell
- new viral particles either rupture host cell or bud away from host cell
