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BIOL 273 - Principles of Human Physiology 1 > 2.5 - Efferent Branch of PNS > Flashcards

2.5 - Efferent Branch of PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A
  • autonomic division

- somatic division

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The autonomic division is made of 1 single neuron while the somatic division is made of 2 neuron chains

A

FALSE:

Autonomic: 2 neuron chains

somatic: single neuron

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3
Q

What does the autonomic division innervate?

A
  • smooth and cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • some adipose tissue
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4
Q

What is another term for the autonomic division?

A

involuntary division

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5
Q

What does the somatic division innervate?

A

skeletal muscle fibers/cells

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6
Q

What is another term for the somatic division?

A

voluntary division

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7
Q

What are the different branches of the autonomic division?

A

sympathetic

  • fight or flight response
  • physical activity and stress

parasympathetic
- rest and digest

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8
Q

the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are _____ to one another

A

antagonistic/opposite responses

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9
Q

Where does the sympathetic ganglia run?

A

close to the spinal column or along the descending aorta

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10
Q

SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA: TRUE OR FALSE

long nerves project into target tissues

short post ganglionic axons, long pre ganglionic axons

A

TRUE

FALSE:
Short pre ganglionic, long post ganglionic axons

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11
Q

Where do the parasympathetic ganglia originate?

A
  • in brain stem, axons leading in cranial nerves

- in sacral region to control pelvic region

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA

long pre ganglionic axons, short post ganglionic axons

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Pre ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons release ____ onto ____

A

ACh, cholinergic muscarinic receptors

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14
Q

Post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons release ___ onto _____

A

Sympathetic: N.E. onto adrenergic receptors
para: ACh onto muscarinic receptors

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15
Q

What are varicosities?

A

swollen areas at distal ends of the synapse in the autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

How do NTs get secreted from varicosities?

A
  • voltage gated Ca2+ channels open up allowing Ca2+ to enter the cell to trigger the exocytosis of NTs
17
Q

How is NT action terminated in autonomic pathways?

A
  • diffusion
  • metabolism
  • active transport back into cells near synapse
18
Q

What are the 2 types of receptors for regulation of body systems?

A
  • adrenergic receptors = for E and NE

- cholinergic receptors = for ACh

19
Q

What are some adrenergic receptors for E and NE?

A

Alpha 1: found on most tissues = NE > E

Beta 1: heart muscle and kidneys NE=E

BETA 2: blood vessels, smooth muscle: E>NE

20
Q

B1 and B2 stimulate ______ production

A

cAMP

21
Q

A1 receptors increase ____ levels in the cytoplasm

A

Ca2+

22
Q

Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by ________ while muscarinic receptors are stimulated by _____

A

nicotinic: ACh and nicotine (agonist)

muscarinic (ACh and muscarine)

23
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A

on skeletal muscle motor end plates and sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are always excitatory

A

FALSE:

nicotinic: always excitatory
muscarinic: can be either excitatory or inhibitory

25
Q

Nicotinic receptors act via _____ while muscarinic receptors act via ____

A

ion channels, G proteins

26
Q

What is the effect of NE and ACh on heart rate?

A

NE: increases heart rate

ACh: decreases heart rate

27
Q

What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland?

A

adrenal medulla

  • associated with sympathetic pathway
  • special cells called chromafin cells secrete E to travel in blood

adrenal cortex:
- secretes steroid hormones in bloodstream

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The somatic division controls both muscle excitation and inhibition

A

FALSE

controls only excitation

29
Q

in the neuromuscular junction of the somatic divisions, the _____ contains ACh

A

presynaptic axon terminal, filled with NTs vesicles containing ACh

30
Q

The post synaptic membrane of skeletal muscle fibers contain _____ receptor channels

A

nicotinic ACh

BIOL 273 - Principles of Human Physiology 1 (24 decks)

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