[6] Viral Disease Lower Respi

Question 1

causative agents fo influenza

Answer 1

virus types A and B

Question 2

influneza; enzymes, which produce new strains. This
occurs by antigenic drift and antigenic shift

Answer 2

hemagglutinin (HA) and
neuraminidase (NA)

Question 3

type A or type b influenza: Can cause significant disease

Answer 3

type A

Question 4

type A or type b influenza: Infects humans and other
species (e.g. birds; H5N1)

Answer 4

type A

Question 5

type A or type b influenza: Can cause epidemics and
pandemics (worldwide
epidemics)

Answer 5

type A

Question 6

type A or type b influenza: Generally causes milder disease
but may also cause severe disease

Answer 6

type B

Question 7

type A or type b influenza: Limited to humans

Answer 7

type B

Question 8

type A or type b influenza: Generally causes milder epidemics

Answer 8

type B

Question 9

Mutations in the genes coding for these glycoprotein spikes are
responsible for the production of new strains of influenza virus, via
processes known as

Answer 9

antigenic drift and antigenic shift.

Question 10

Mild outbreaks
- Process:
1. Influenzavirus enters host cell
2. Upon entering, the virus eventually
mutates/mutation in antigen gene, occurs
during replication within host cell
3. It will now release another virus.
Influenzavirus 1: differing slightly from virus
1 (virus that entered the host cell), exits the
cell and infect different host cells

Answer 10

antigenic drift

Question 11

Occasional outbreaks, but very severe influenza
is seen
- Process:
1. Influenzaviruses 1 and 2 enter host cell
2. Genes and antigens from both viral types are
incorporated into new virions
3. The new virions will produce a third kind of
influenzavirus. Influenzavirus 3, which is very
different from viruses 1 and 2, exits cell

Answer 11

antigenic shift

Question 12

In ?, they discovered the MERS in humans and
reported that the reservoir are camels

Answer 12

2012

Question 13

First case of MERS was in ? and the
following year in Europe, Jordan, Qatar, Indonesia,
United Kingdoms

Answer 13

Saudi Arabia

Question 14

Most common childhood respiratory disease (newborn and young
children)
- Usually seen 4-6 days following infection

Answer 14

RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION (RSV)

Question 15

? is the leading cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the
bronchioles) and pneumonia among children less than one year
of age and the leading respiratory killer of infants worldwide.

Answer 15

RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION (RSV)

Question 16

Some children develop ?, known commonly as
“croup”, which is inflammation of the trachea and bronchi,
resulting in breathing difficulty accompanied by a barking
cough

Answer 16

tracheobronchitis

Question 17

pathogen; genus Pneumovirus, family Paramyxoviridae
○ An enveloped, helical, -ssRNA virus
○ It is relatively unstable outside the body, surviving only
about five hours in the environment or two hours on skin
or used facial tissues

Answer 17

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Question 18

RSV Virus causes ? to form in the lungs

Answer 18

syncytia

Question 19

● Immune response to RSV further damages the ?

Answer 19

lungs

Question 20

is a giant, multinucleated cell formed from the fusion
of virally infected cells to neighboring cells

Answer 20

Syncytium

Question 21

● Muscle aches (particularly in the large muscles of the thighs,
hips, and back)
● Symptoms progress to cough, shock, and labored breathing
● Elevated WBC count and a low or falling platelet count

Answer 21

HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME (HPS)

Question 22

A genus of enveloped, segmented, -ssRNA viruses in the family
Bunyaviridae
● Infect various species of mice, particularly deer mice without
causing disease to the mice🐀
● Two American strains of Hantavirus are transmitted via
inhalation in dried mouse urine, feces, or saliva to infect the
lungs of humans
● Transmitted from mice via inhalation

Answer 22

Hantavirus

Question 23

Hantavirustravels throughout the body via the

Answer 23

blood