[1] Introduction of Respiratory System Flashcards
respiratory system is usually transmitted via
airborne transmission
the ______ respiratory system collects air; filters dust, pollen microorganisms, and other contaminants from the air; and delivers it to the lower respiratory system
upper
parts in the upper respiratory system
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, tonsils and mucus
which is lined with hairs cilitaed mucuos membrane, receives air from the nose
nasal cavity
filter large dust particles and organisms from the air
hairs
traps smaller particled and microbes
sticky mucus
moves nasal mucus and its content down into the throat
ciliary action
which are air filled, hollow regions of bones in the skull, often share fluids and infecting mucroorganisms with the nasal cavity
sinuses
which is shared with the digestive system, is lined with a ciliated mucuos membrane that propels mucus and contaminants into the digestive system
pharynx
a flap extending from the roof of the mouth is called ____, partially closes the opening between the nasal cavity and the pharynx during swallowing
uvula
various protective components of respiratory system (3)
ciliated mucuos membrane
alveolar macrophanves
secretory antibodies
parts of the lower respiratory system
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and diagphragm
consists of a series of tubes — the latynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, broncjioles, and smaller respiratory tubes
lower respiratory system
hundred of millions of microscopic air sacs are called
alveoli
protective membranes that surround the lungs; located below the lungs
pleurae diagphragm
respiratory tree / upside tree explain
trunk - trachea
branches - bronchi, smaller tubes
leaves - alveoli
The cilia beat synchronously about ____ times per minute to carry mucus and trapped contaminants up to the pharynx.
1000
Further protection from pathogens is provided by _______________, which enter the alveoli from blood capillaries and devour microorganisms.
alveolar macrophages
Secretory antibodies (?), which are present in tears, saliva, and respiratory mucus, also provide protection from many pathogens.
IgA
The _____ respiratory system normally lacks microorganisms because the ciliary escalator, secretory antibodies, and phago- cytic cells clear the organs of contaminants.
lower
types of resident in respiratory system
1.) Common Residents (>50% of normal people)
2.) Occasional Residents (<10% of normal people)
3.) Uncommon residents (<1% of normal people)
4.) Residents in Latent State in tissues
lives in the nasal cavities of about one-third of healthy Americans without causing disease but can be an opportunistic pathogen
gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus
also commonly colonize the nose and nasal cavity.
diphtheroids
Oral streptococci, Neisseria spp. Branhomella,
Corynebacteria, Bacteroides, Anaerobic cocci
(Veillonella), Fusiform bacteria, Candida albicans,
Streptococcus mutans, Haemophilusinfluenzae
Common residents (>
50% of normal people)
