[1] Introduction of Respiratory System

Question 1

respiratory system is usually transmitted via

Answer 1

airborne transmission

Question 2

the ______ respiratory system collects air; filters dust, pollen microorganisms, and other contaminants from the air; and delivers it to the lower respiratory system

Answer 2

upper

Question 3

parts in the upper respiratory system

Answer 3

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, tonsils and mucus

Question 4

which is lined with hairs cilitaed mucuos membrane, receives air from the nose

Answer 4

nasal cavity

Question 5

filter large dust particles and organisms from the air

Answer 5

hairs

Question 6

traps smaller particled and microbes

Answer 6

sticky mucus

Question 7

moves nasal mucus and its content down into the throat

Answer 7

ciliary action

Question 8

which are air filled, hollow regions of bones in the skull, often share fluids and infecting mucroorganisms with the nasal cavity

Answer 8

sinuses

Question 9

which is shared with the digestive system, is lined with a ciliated mucuos membrane that propels mucus and contaminants into the digestive system

Answer 9

pharynx

Question 10

a flap extending from the roof of the mouth is called ____, partially closes the opening between the nasal cavity and the pharynx during swallowing

Answer 10

uvula

Question 11

various protective components of respiratory system (3)

Answer 11

ciliated mucuos membrane
alveolar macrophanves
secretory antibodies

Question 12

parts of the lower respiratory system

Answer 12

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and diagphragm

Question 13

consists of a series of tubes — the latynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, broncjioles, and smaller respiratory tubes

Answer 13

lower respiratory system

Question 14

hundred of millions of microscopic air sacs are called

Answer 14

alveoli

Question 15

protective membranes that surround the lungs; located below the lungs

Answer 15

pleurae diagphragm

Question 16

respiratory tree / upside tree explain

Answer 16

trunk - trachea
branches - bronchi, smaller tubes
leaves - alveoli

Question 17

The cilia beat synchronously about ____ times per minute to carry mucus and trapped contaminants up to the pharynx.

Answer 17

1000

Question 18

Further protection from pathogens is provided by _______________, which enter the alveoli from blood capillaries and devour microorganisms.

Answer 18

alveolar macrophages

Question 19

Secretory antibodies (?), which are present in tears, saliva, and respiratory mucus, also provide protection from many pathogens.

Answer 19

IgA

Question 20

The _____ respiratory system normally lacks microorganisms because the ciliary escalator, secretory antibodies, and phago- cytic cells clear the organs of contaminants.

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

types of resident in respiratory system

Answer 21

1.) Common Residents (>50% of normal people)
2.) Occasional Residents (<10% of normal people)
3.) Uncommon residents (<1% of normal people)
4.) Residents in Latent State in tissues

Question 22

lives in the nasal cavities of about one-third of healthy Americans without causing disease but can be an opportunistic pathogen

Answer 22

gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 23

also commonly colonize the nose and nasal cavity.

Answer 23

diphtheroids

Question 24

Oral streptococci, Neisseria spp. Branhomella,
Corynebacteria, Bacteroides, Anaerobic cocci
(Veillonella), Fusiform bacteria, Candida albicans,
Streptococcus mutans, Haemophilusinfluenzae

Answer 24

Common residents (>
50% of normal people)

Question 25

Anaerobic gram (-) diplococcus

Answer 25

Branhomella

Question 26

● Thin, actually regarded as oropharyngeal
commensal

Answer 26

Branhomella

Question 27

● Recently identified as a pathogen in cases
of broncho-pulmonary infections

Answer 27

Branhomella

Question 28

causes diphtheria

Answer 28

Corynebacteria diphtheriae

Question 29

Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides

Answer 29

Occasional residents
(< 10% of normal
people)

Question 30

Corynebacterium diphtheria, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, E. coli, C. albicans
Especially after antibiotics treatment

Answer 30

Uncommon residents
(<1% normal people)

Question 31

Pneumocystisjirovecii, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes
simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 31

Residents in latent state in tissues:

Question 32

Yeast like fungus of genus Pneumocystis

Answer 32

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 33

● Causative agent of Pneumocystis
pneumonia (PCP)
● Usually reported on immunocompromised
patients

Answer 33

Pneumocystis jirovecii