[5] Bacterial Disease Lower Respi Part 1

Question 1

Lower respiratory organs are usually ? (normally devoid of
microorganisms)

Answer 1

axenic

Question 2

Lung inflammation accompanied by fluid-filled alveoli and
bronchioles

Answer 2

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIAS

Question 3

• involvement of a distinct region of the lung;
  entire lobes of the lungs

Answer 3

Lobar pneumonia

Question 4

• more diffuse patchy consolidation which
  usually may spread throughout the lungs as a result of original
  pathologic process in small airways

Answer 4

Bronchopneumonia -

Question 5

invasion of the lung interstitium

Answer 5

Interstitial pneumonia -

Question 6

• primary atypical pneumonia or
  walking pneumonia

Answer 6

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Question 7

acquired in any healthcare
setting, is a common illness among the elderly and
immunosuppressed patients

Answer 7

Healthcare associated pneumonia

Question 8

pneumonia that - most serious and most frequent in adults

Answer 8

bacterial pneumonia

Question 9

is the classic acute community-acquired
pneumonia

Answer 9

Strep. Pneumoniae

Question 10

pneumonia Most common type

Answer 10

PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (CAP)

Question 11

Fever, chills, congestion, cough, chest pain
○ Results in short, rapid breathing
○ Blood enters the lungs, causing rust-colored sputum that
has neutrophils present when smeared

Answer 11

PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (CAP)

Question 12

Gram positive (+) bacteria, cocci

Answer 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

• Virulence Factors for PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (CAP) (4)

Answer 13

Adhesins
Polysaccharide capsule
Phosphorylcholine
Pneumolysin

Question 14

mediates binding of the bacterium to epithelial cells
of the pharynx

Answer 14

Adhesins

Question 15

protects them from lysis by
phagocytes

Answer 15

Polysaccharide capsule

Question 16

• a chemical inserted into cell wall which
  stimulates endocytosis of the bacterium

Answer 16

Phosphorylcholine

Question 17

• a cytotoxin that binds to cholesterol in the
  cytoplasmic membranes of ciliated epithelial cells, producing transmembrane pores that result in the lysis of the cells; it also
  suppresses the digestion of phagocytized bacteria

Answer 17

Pneumolysin

Question 18

plehgm color chart: phlegm almost always
points to a bacterial infection

Answer 18

Yellow or
Green

Question 19

plehgm color chart: could be the result of a viral
infection or chronic diseases like congestive
heart failure and Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)

Answer 19

white

Question 20

plehgm color chart: The rusty appearance of brown phlegm points to old blood
- Bacterial infections like bronchitis and
pneumonia

Answer 20

brown

Question 21

plehgm color chart:A sign of blood in your phlegm

• Infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis, or lung
  cancer

Answer 21

red or pink

Question 22

plehgm color chart: Referred to as melanoptysis
- Result of smoking or a fungal infection
- It may also appear if you have inhaled high
amounts of something black like coal and smoke

Answer 22

black

Question 23

diagnosis for PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (CAP)

Answer 23

Diplococci in sputum smears

Question 24

treatment for PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (CAP)

Answer 24

penicillin

Question 25

prevention for for PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (CAP)

Answer 25

Vaccination

Question 26

Leading type of pneumonia in children and young adults

Answer 26

PRIMARY ATYPICAL (MYCOPLASMAL)

Question 27

Fever, malaise, sore throat, excessive sweating ● Persistent unproductive cough to clear the lungs and mucus ● May last for weeks

Answer 27

PRIMARY ATYPICAL (MYCOPLASMAL)

Question 28

Gram (-) bacteria, pleomorphic ● Spherical to filamentous cells with no cell wall ● Pleomorphic = due to the absence of cell walls, it allows them to have a variety of shapes

Answer 28

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Question 29

virulence factors for PRIMARY ATYPICAL (MYCOPLASMAL) (2)

Answer 29

Adhesion protein, capsule

Question 30

treatment for PRIMARY ATYPICAL (MYCOPLASMAL) (2)

Answer 30

Erythromycin and doxycycline, no vaccine available

Question 31

Leading cause of nosocomial infections

Answer 31

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA

Question 32

Often involves destruction of alveoli, resulting in the production of thick, bloody sputum

Answer 32

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA

Question 33

Gram negative (-) rod ○ Produces mucoid colonies ; colonies a mucoid appearance and protects the bacterium from phagocytosis. ● Enveloped or enclosed by a capsule

Answer 33

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA

Question 34

virulence factor of KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA

Answer 34

capsule

Question 35

Alcoholics and Immunocompromised individuals at greatest risk for infection

Answer 35

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA

Question 36

kills alveolar cells and often invades the blood, resulting in bacteremia.

Answer 36

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA

Question 37

When the bacterial cells die, they release ?, which can trigger shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to death.

Answer 37

endotoxin