[5] Bacterial Disease Lower Respi Part 2

Question 1

It was discovered in 1976, joyous celebration of the 200th
anniversary of the Declaration of Independence was curtailed in
Philadelphia when over 200 American Legion members attending a
convention were stricken with severe pneumonia; 29 died.

Answer 1

LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE

Question 2

It was actually from the airconditioning of the hotel;this is
where the bacterial organisms came from

Answer 2

LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE

Question 3

Typical pneumonia symptoms
○ Pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura) may develop
○ Pulmonary function can rapidly decrease

Answer 3

LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE

Question 4

causative bacteria of LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE

Answer 4

Legionella Pneumophila

Question 5

Gram negative (-), bacilli
● Thin, aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming

Answer 5

Legionella Pneumophila

Question 6

L. pneumophila kills ? cells
○ Causes tissue damage and inflammation

Answer 6

human

Question 7

natural habitat of L. pnueomophila The natural habitats of the bacteria are usually

Answer 7

aquatic

Question 8

factors that enhance the colonization by the
amplification of legionella: warm temperatures at least
from

Answer 8

25-42 degrees

Question 9

treatment for LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE

Answer 9

Quinolones or macrolides

Question 10

prevention for LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE

Answer 10

Controlled by reducing bacterial presence in water

Question 11

Leading disease killer in the world
- Declined in the industrialized world

Answer 11

tuberculosis

Question 12

signs and symptoms:
Not always present
● Initially limited to minor cough and mild fever

Answer 12

tuberculosis

Question 13

causative bacteria of tuberculosis

Answer 13

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 14

acid fast bacteria

Answer 14

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 15

virulence factor of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Answer 15

Mycolic acid

Question 16

gives bacteria unique features
○ Slow growth of the bacteria
○ Protection from phagocytic lysis
○ Intracellular growth (it aids the bacteria and capability
for growing inside the cell)
○ Resistance to many antimicrobial drugs

Answer 16

Mycolic acid

Question 17

type of tuberculosis: Period of infection

• Patient is asymptomatic or accompanied by mild
  fever
• The organisms are engulfed by alveolar
  macrophages which they can survive in multiply
• After 3-4 weeks, the immune system mounts a
  cell-mediated assault, which eventually releases
  a large influx of mononuclear cells through the
  lungs – tubercle formed
• Frequently, the senders of tubercles breakdown
  in necrotic lesions and gradually heal the
  classification

Answer 17

primary

Question 18

type of tuberculosis: Results when M. tuberculosis breaks the
stalemate, ruptures the tubercle, and
reestablishes an active infection.
- Reactivation occurs in about 10% of patients;
patients whose immune systems are weakened
by disease, poor nutrition, drug or alcohol abuse,
or by other factors.

Answer 18

secondary

Question 19

type of tuberculosis: Results when macrophages carry the pathogen
via blood and lymph nodes to other sites,
including bone marrow, spleen, kidneys, spinal
cord, and brain.

Answer 19

Disseminated

Question 20

One-third of the world’s population is infected
● Most deaths occur in Asia and Africa

Answer 20

tuberculosis

Question 21

testidentifies exposure to tuberculosis
○ A positive reaction is an enlarged, reddened, and raised
lesion at the inoculation site.

Answer 21

Dx: Tuberculin skin test

Question 22

identify tubercles in the lungs
○ Primary TB usually occurs in the lower and central areas
of the lung;
○ Secondary TB commonly appears higher

Answer 22

Dx: Chest X-ray images/films

Question 23

vaccine for tuberculosis

Answer 23

BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin)

Question 24

Highly contagious respiratory disease

Answer 24

PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)

Question 25

The sounds that it makes during an episode of ?
gives rise for the common name of this illness which is whooping
cough

Answer 25

paroxysmal coughing

Question 26

Pertussis progresses through four phases?

Answer 26

Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent

Question 27

FOUR PHASES OF PERTUSSIS: Typically 5-10 days
- Max 21 days

Answer 27

incubation

Question 28

FOUR PHASES OF PERTUSSIS: Communicable period
- Resembles common cold symptoms
- Onset to 3 weeks after start of paroxysmal cough

Answer 28

Catarrhal
stage

Question 29

FOUR PHASES OF PERTUSSIS: 1-6 weeks

Answer 29

Paroxysmal
stage

Question 30

FOUR PHASES OF PERTUSSIS: Weeks to months

Answer 30

Convalescent
stage

Question 31

prevention for pertussis

Answer 31

DTAP

Question 32

Most chronic and dangerous among all the anthrax infection

Answer 32

INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX

Question 33

The government classifies the bacillus of anthrax as one of a handful
of potential biological terror agents. In 2001, a terrorist spread the
disease via the U.S. postal system by sending letters filled with
endospores

Answer 33

INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX

Question 34

bacteria INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX

Answer 34

Bacillus Anthracis

Question 35

Anthrax spread from person to person

Answer 35

NO