[5] Bacterial Disease Lower Respi Part 2 Flashcards
It was discovered in 1976, joyous celebration of the 200th
anniversary of the Declaration of Independence was curtailed in
Philadelphia when over 200 American Legion members attending a
convention were stricken with severe pneumonia; 29 died.
LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
It was actually from the airconditioning of the hotel;this is
where the bacterial organisms came from
LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
Typical pneumonia symptoms
○ Pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura) may develop
○ Pulmonary function can rapidly decrease
LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
causative bacteria of LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
Legionella Pneumophila
Gram negative (-), bacilli
● Thin, aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming
Legionella Pneumophila
L. pneumophila kills ? cells
○ Causes tissue damage and inflammation
human
natural habitat of L. pnueomophila The natural habitats of the bacteria are usually
aquatic
factors that enhance the colonization by the
amplification of legionella: warm temperatures at least
from
25-42 degrees
treatment for LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
Quinolones or macrolides
prevention for LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
Controlled by reducing bacterial presence in water
Leading disease killer in the world
- Declined in the industrialized world
tuberculosis
signs and symptoms:
Not always present
● Initially limited to minor cough and mild fever
tuberculosis
causative bacteria of tuberculosis
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
acid fast bacteria
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
virulence factor of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Mycolic acid
gives bacteria unique features
○ Slow growth of the bacteria
○ Protection from phagocytic lysis
○ Intracellular growth (it aids the bacteria and capability
for growing inside the cell)
○ Resistance to many antimicrobial drugs
Mycolic acid
type of tuberculosis: Period of infection
- Patient is asymptomatic or accompanied by mild
fever - The organisms are engulfed by alveolar
macrophages which they can survive in multiply - After 3-4 weeks, the immune system mounts a
cell-mediated assault, which eventually releases
a large influx of mononuclear cells through the
lungs – tubercle formed - Frequently, the senders of tubercles breakdown
in necrotic lesions and gradually heal the
classification
primary
type of tuberculosis: Results when M. tuberculosis breaks the
stalemate, ruptures the tubercle, and
reestablishes an active infection.
- Reactivation occurs in about 10% of patients;
patients whose immune systems are weakened
by disease, poor nutrition, drug or alcohol abuse,
or by other factors.
secondary
type of tuberculosis: Results when macrophages carry the pathogen
via blood and lymph nodes to other sites,
including bone marrow, spleen, kidneys, spinal
cord, and brain.
Disseminated
One-third of the world’s population is infected
● Most deaths occur in Asia and Africa
tuberculosis
testidentifies exposure to tuberculosis
○ A positive reaction is an enlarged, reddened, and raised
lesion at the inoculation site.
Dx: Tuberculin skin test
identify tubercles in the lungs
○ Primary TB usually occurs in the lower and central areas
of the lung;
○ Secondary TB commonly appears higher
Dx: Chest X-ray images/films
vaccine for tuberculosis
BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin)
Highly contagious respiratory disease
PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)
