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H - EA Knowledge Organiser > 6. Spanish Armada > Flashcards

6. Spanish Armada Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for the armada: x3

A
  1. Phillips personal aims
  2. Events in the Netherlands
  3. Actions of English privateers in the Spanish Main
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2
Q

Phillips personal aims:
Phillip was …….. when he was married to ……., he wanted to marry ……. , he felt slighted by this

A

Co-ruler of England
Mary Tudor
Elizabeth but she rejected him

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3
Q

Philip was a ……. and wanted to stop the spread of ……. And he believed his plans to invade England were a …….

A

Strong Catholic
Protestantism
‘holy crusade’

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4
Q

Philip wanted to ensure that Spain remained the ……..

A

largest and strongest empire in Europe

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5
Q

Events in the Netherlands
Philip wanted to ………

A

Take revenge for Elizabeth’s support of Protestant rebels in the Netherlands

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6
Q

Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch in …… (after the ….. of the Dutch Protestant rebel leader …….) she agreed to fund the Dutch Protestants fighting ………

A

1585
Murder
William of Orange
against the Spanish Duke of Parma

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7
Q

Elizabeth became the …….. and sent a force of ……. to help maintain the rebellion

A

Protector of Dutch Protestants
5000 troops and 1000 cavalry

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8
Q

Actions of English privateers in Spanish Main
During ……. Elizabeth encouraged ……. Travelling across the Atlantic ……..

A

1570s and 80s
English privateers to attack Spanish treasure trips
Bringing gold and silver from the Spanish Main to Spain

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9
Q

The English also …….. in central and south America

A

attacked the Spanish settlements

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10
Q

In …… Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of …… in the Caribbean and …….

A

1572
Nombre de Dias
ambushed Spanish treasure ships

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11
Q

In …… drake undertook a 3 year around the world……. Where he launched ………
An estimate of …….. was taken in …….. Elizabeth knighted Drake on his return in …..

A

1577
journey on his ship the Golden Hind
several surprise attacks on Spanish treasure ships
£200 million (todays money)
jewels gold and silver
1581

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12
Q

PHILIPS PLAN FOR INVASION pt1
- sail the armada ……. into the ……. destroying the ……..
- advance through the ……. And anchor the Spanish fleets ……

A

north of Lisbon along the coasts of Spain and France
English Channel
English fleet in the channel
English Channel
Off Calais

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13
Q

PHILIPS PLAN FOR INVASION pt2
- A force of ……… would arrive from the Netherlands and gather in …… ready to invade England - led by ……

A

17,000 experienced Spanish soldiers
Dunkirk (northern France)
Duke of Parma

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14
Q

PHILIPS PLAN FOR INVASION pt3
- The Armada would protect …….. to invade England
- Parma’s army would land in ……, travel up the …… and …….

A

Parma’s soldiers as they crossed the English Channel from Dunkirk
Kent
River Thames to London
Overthrow Elizabeth

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15
Q

PROBLEMS WITH PHILIPS PLAN pt1
- Drake attacked the …… at Cadiz (port in ……) in ……
- Drake destroyed ….. ships and tonnes of ……. set aside for barrels
- Drakes attack …….. and allowed England more …..

A

Spanish fleet
Northern Spain
April 1587
37
seasoned timber supplies
Delayed the attack by a year
time to prepare

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16
Q

PROBLEMS WITH PHILIPS PLAN pt2
- The Netherlands …….. for the big Spanish ships to dock - this would make ……… difficult
- transporting Parma’s army across the English Channel would need …… which would need to be …….; if the weather was rough, these might ……

A

Did not have harbours deep enough
picking up Parma’s army difficult
large barges
Built on the spot
sink

17
Q

PROBLEMS WITH PHILIPS PLAN pt3
- Philip changed the …….. to the Duke of Medina Sidonia who confessed to ……
- shortly after the armada set sail in …… it ran into …… and was …… which delayed the invasion further

A

Admiral in charge of the armada
suffering from sea sickness
April 1588
dreadful storms
blown off course

18
Q

Armada set sail on …….. from Lisbon

A

28th May 1588

19
Q

Was hit by a storm and forced to harbour in …… on …….. to undertake repairs

A

Corunna
19th June 1588

20
Q

Armada left Corunna on ……. And headed towards the …..

A

21st June 1588
English Channel

21
Q

On ……. The armada was sighted by ……. And warning beacons were lit

A

29th July 1588
Englishmen in Cornwall

22
Q

Armada sailed through the English Channel in a ……… which made it difficult for the …….., slow …… we’re in the middle, protected by …….

A

Crescent formation
English to attack
unarmed store ships
Heavily armed galleons on outer edges

23
Q

LH, D and H sailed out of ….. to …….
They engaged in regular fights but did not …..

A

Lord Howard, Drake and Hawkins
Plymouth
pursue the armada for a week
break the crescent formation

24
Q

On …… armada anchored off Calais

……. Was waiting for the …….. from the Netherlands but they were delayed by a week

Lord …… decided to …….. and launch an …….

A

6th August 1588
Duke of Medina Sidonia
Duke of Parma’s forces
Howard
Take advantage
Attack on the Armada in Calais

25
Q

On ……. England filled 8 unmanned ships with ……. And set fire to them, they ……..

When the Spanish saw the fire ships, they …….

A

7th August 1588
Gunpowder and loaded cannons
Drifted towards the Spanish fleet
cut their ropes and broke crescent formation

26
Q

On ……… English battleships attacked the …….

Lasted ….. until English ran out of …..

… Spanish ships were lost but …. English ships

A

8th August 1588
Scattered Armada at the Battle of Gravelines near Dunkirk
8 hours
Ammunition
3
no

27
Q

….. Spanish sailors were killed and over …. wounded; only ….. English sailors killed

As Duke of Parma’s army was ……, the Battle of Gravelines gave the ……

A

1000
800
50
Unable to join the armada
English navy some breathing space

28
Q

Despite ………, the armada was still a threat in the north of England

On ….. Elizabeth delivered an …….. encouraging them to …..

A

Victory at Gravelines
9th August 1588
Inspirational speech to her sailors at Tilbury
Fight against the invasion

29
Q

On ….. wind changed direction and the armada was forced to …… to get back to Spain

Poor …… led to …. Being destroyed off the coast of Scotland and …… off the coast of Ireland

Only …… returned to Spain, full of …… men

A

9th August 1588
sail through the North Sea and past Scotland
Maps and weather
2 ships
25
67 Spanish ships
Wounded, starving and sick

30
Q

STRENGTHS OF ARMADA pt1
- ……. Galleon and supply ships
- ….. battleships which included …. Huge galleons
- ……. Men (experienced ….., well trained …… and …… including ……..)

A

130
64
22
30,000
sailors
troops
Servant
Friars and proests

31
Q

STRENGTHS OF ARMADA pt2
- …… cannons and small guns, …… cannon balls together with ……..
- extensive supplies of ……… including …..
- ….. well trained ….. led by ……

A

1900
123790
powder, bullets, pikes, armour and swords
food and drink
biscuits, bacon, fish, cheese, rice, beans, wine, vinegar and water
17000
Soldiers
Duke of Parma

32
Q

WEAKNESSES OF ARMADA pt 1
- England positioned a line of ……. Which would be lit as soon as armada was in sight
- England raised an army of …… which were ….. and positioned in the ……. (n……, K…… and E…….)

A

warning beacons along the coast
20,000 men
Split into 3
3 most likely areas the armada would land
North
Kent
Essex

33
Q

WEAKNESSES OF ARMADA pt 2
England navy was ……, commanded by …….. of ….. along with 2 experienced sea captains FD and JH

Englands ….. battleships were …….

A

Strong
Lord Charles Howard
Effingham
Francis Drake
John Hawkins
54
Light, fast moving and fitted with long range cannons

34
Q

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt1
ENGLISH STRENGTHS:
- English ships were …….
- they had ……. Because of superior ……
- Spanish ships were ……

A

smaller, faster and more manoeuvrable
heavier firepower
long range cannons
larger and more bulky

35
Q

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt2
SPANISH WEAKNESSES
- Spanish cannons were …….
- Spanish commander …… was not ……
- Duke of Parma’s ……. Was costly
- England’s ……. Were experts at sea

A

Ineffective
Duke of Medina Sidonia
Experienced at fighting at sea
Delay from Netherlands
Lord Howard, Drake and Hawkins

36
Q

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt3
TACTICS
Englands use of …… to break the crescent formation which meant that the armada …..

A

Fireships
Found it difficult to recover

37
Q

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt4
WEATHER
after Battle of Gravelines, the scattered Spanish fleet was ……. which meant they would have to return to Spain by …..
The seas around Scotland and Ireland were renowned for …….
Spanish ships did not have enough ……
Spanish sailors were ……..

A

blown northwards into the North Sea
Going round Scotland and Ireland
Being rough
Food for this long voyage
Struck down by sickness through contaminated water

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