6. Spanish Armada Flashcards by Olivia Rapley-Smith

Reasons for the armada: x3

Phillips personal aims
Events in the Netherlands
Actions of English privateers in the Spanish Main

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phillips personal aims:
Phillip was …….. when he was married to ……., he wanted to marry ……. , he felt slighted by this

Co-ruler of England
Mary Tudor
Elizabeth but she rejected him

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Philip was a ……. and wanted to stop the spread of ……. And he believed his plans to invade England were a …….

Strong Catholic
Protestantism
‘holy crusade’

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Philip wanted to ensure that Spain remained the ……..

largest and strongest empire in Europe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Events in the Netherlands
Philip wanted to ………

Take revenge for Elizabeth’s support of Protestant rebels in the Netherlands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch in …… (after the ….. of the Dutch Protestant rebel leader …….) she agreed to fund the Dutch Protestants fighting ………

1585
Murder
William of Orange
against the Spanish Duke of Parma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elizabeth became the …….. and sent a force of ……. to help maintain the rebellion

Protector of Dutch Protestants
5000 troops and 1000 cavalry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Actions of English privateers in Spanish Main
During ……. Elizabeth encouraged ……. Travelling across the Atlantic ……..

1570s and 80s
English privateers to attack Spanish treasure trips
Bringing gold and silver from the Spanish Main to Spain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The English also …….. in central and south America

attacked the Spanish settlements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In …… Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of …… in the Caribbean and …….

1572
Nombre de Dias
ambushed Spanish treasure ships

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In …… drake undertook a 3 year around the world……. Where he launched ………
An estimate of …….. was taken in …….. Elizabeth knighted Drake on his return in …..

1577
journey on his ship the Golden Hind
several surprise attacks on Spanish treasure ships
£200 million (todays money)
jewels gold and silver
1581

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PHILIPS PLAN FOR INVASION pt1
- sail the armada ……. into the ……. destroying the ……..
- advance through the ……. And anchor the Spanish fleets ……

north of Lisbon along the coasts of Spain and France
English Channel
English fleet in the channel
English Channel
Off Calais

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PHILIPS PLAN FOR INVASION pt2
- A force of ……… would arrive from the Netherlands and gather in …… ready to invade England - led by ……

17,000 experienced Spanish soldiers
Dunkirk (northern France)
Duke of Parma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PHILIPS PLAN FOR INVASION pt3
- The Armada would protect …….. to invade England
- Parma’s army would land in ……, travel up the …… and …….

Parma’s soldiers as they crossed the English Channel from Dunkirk
Kent
River Thames to London
Overthrow Elizabeth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PROBLEMS WITH PHILIPS PLAN pt1
- Drake attacked the …… at Cadiz (port in ……) in ……
- Drake destroyed ….. ships and tonnes of ……. set aside for barrels
- Drakes attack …….. and allowed England more …..

Spanish fleet
Northern Spain
April 1587
37
seasoned timber supplies
Delayed the attack by a year
time to prepare

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PROBLEMS WITH PHILIPS PLAN pt2
- The Netherlands …….. for the big Spanish ships to dock - this would make ……… difficult
- transporting Parma’s army across the English Channel would need …… which would need to be …….; if the weather was rough, these might ……

Did not have harbours deep enough
picking up Parma’s army difficult
large barges
Built on the spot
sink

PROBLEMS WITH PHILIPS PLAN pt3
- Philip changed the …….. to the Duke of Medina Sidonia who confessed to ……
- shortly after the armada set sail in …… it ran into …… and was …… which delayed the invasion further

Admiral in charge of the armada
suffering from sea sickness
April 1588
dreadful storms
blown off course

Armada set sail on …….. from Lisbon

28th May 1588

Was hit by a storm and forced to harbour in …… on …….. to undertake repairs

Corunna
19th June 1588

Armada left Corunna on ……. And headed towards the …..

21st June 1588
English Channel

On ……. The armada was sighted by ……. And warning beacons were lit

29th July 1588
Englishmen in Cornwall

Armada sailed through the English Channel in a ……… which made it difficult for the …….., slow …… we’re in the middle, protected by …….

Crescent formation
English to attack
unarmed store ships
Heavily armed galleons on outer edges

LH, D and H sailed out of ….. to …….
They engaged in regular fights but did not …..

Lord Howard, Drake and Hawkins
Plymouth
pursue the armada for a week
break the crescent formation

On …… armada anchored off Calais

……. Was waiting for the …….. from the Netherlands but they were delayed by a week

Lord …… decided to …….. and launch an …….

6th August 1588
Duke of Medina Sidonia
Duke of Parma’s forces
Howard
Take advantage
Attack on the Armada in Calais

On ……. England filled 8 unmanned ships with ……. And set fire to them, they …….. When the Spanish saw the fire ships, they …….

7th August 1588 Gunpowder and loaded cannons Drifted towards the Spanish fleet cut their ropes and broke crescent formation

On ……… English battleships attacked the ……. Lasted ….. until English ran out of ….. … Spanish ships were lost but …. English ships

8th August 1588 Scattered Armada at the Battle of Gravelines near Dunkirk 8 hours Ammunition 3 no

….. Spanish sailors were killed and over …. wounded; only ….. English sailors killed As Duke of Parma’s army was ……, the Battle of Gravelines gave the ……

1000 800 50 Unable to join the armada English navy some breathing space

Despite ………, the armada was still a threat in the north of England On ….. Elizabeth delivered an …….. encouraging them to …..

Victory at Gravelines 9th August 1588 Inspirational speech to her sailors at Tilbury Fight against the invasion

On ….. wind changed direction and the armada was forced to …… to get back to Spain Poor …… led to …. Being destroyed off the coast of Scotland and …… off the coast of Ireland Only …… returned to Spain, full of …… men

9th August 1588 sail through the North Sea and past Scotland Maps and weather 2 ships 25 67 Spanish ships Wounded, starving and sick

STRENGTHS OF ARMADA pt1 - ……. Galleon and supply ships - ….. battleships which included …. Huge galleons - ……. Men (experienced ….., well trained …… and …… including ……..)

130 64 22 30,000 sailors troops Servant Friars and proests

STRENGTHS OF ARMADA pt2 - …… cannons and small guns, …… cannon balls together with …….. - extensive supplies of ……… including ….. - ….. well trained ….. led by ……

1900 123790 powder, bullets, pikes, armour and swords food and drink biscuits, bacon, fish, cheese, rice, beans, wine, vinegar and water 17000 Soldiers Duke of Parma

WEAKNESSES OF ARMADA pt 1 - England positioned a line of ……. Which would be lit as soon as armada was in sight - England raised an army of …… which were ….. and positioned in the ……. (n……, K…… and E…….)

warning beacons along the coast 20,000 men Split into 3 3 most likely areas the armada would land North Kent Essex

WEAKNESSES OF ARMADA pt 2 England navy was ……, commanded by …….. of ….. along with 2 experienced sea captains FD and JH Englands ….. battleships were …….

Strong Lord Charles Howard Effingham Francis Drake John Hawkins 54 Light, fast moving and fitted with long range cannons

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt1 ENGLISH STRENGTHS: - English ships were ……. - they had ……. Because of superior …… - Spanish ships were ……

smaller, faster and more manoeuvrable heavier firepower long range cannons larger and more bulky

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt2 SPANISH WEAKNESSES - Spanish cannons were ……. - Spanish commander …… was not …… - Duke of Parma’s ……. Was costly - England’s ……. Were experts at sea

Ineffective Duke of Medina Sidonia Experienced at fighting at sea Delay from Netherlands Lord Howard, Drake and Hawkins

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt3 TACTICS Englands use of …… to break the crescent formation which meant that the armada …..

Fireships Found it difficult to recover

REASONS THE ARMADA FAILED pt4 WEATHER after Battle of Gravelines, the scattered Spanish fleet was ……. which meant they would have to return to Spain by ….. The seas around Scotland and Ireland were renowned for ……. Spanish ships did not have enough …… Spanish sailors were ……..

blown northwards into the North Sea Going round Scotland and Ireland Being rough Food for this long voyage Struck down by sickness through contaminated water