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Histology final > 6. SENSORY > Flashcards

6. SENSORY Flashcards

1
Q

the eye is for ___ & ___

A

sensitivity and acuity

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2
Q

function of the eye

A

capture light
regulate amount of light
transform image into a neural signal
track objects

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3
Q

lenses

A

refract light to focus on retina

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4
Q

retina

A

photosensitive layer

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5
Q

2 components of the retina

A
  1. outer pigment layer (melanin pigment)
  2. inner neural layer (nervous tissue)
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6
Q

2 liquids in the eye used to change density

A

aqueous humor and virteous humor

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7
Q

sclera

A

dense connective tissue capsule
gives eyeball structure
continuous with cornea

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8
Q

what is fovea centralis?

A

sweet spot for vision

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9
Q

ciliary body is composed of ___ and ___

A

ciliary muscle and ciliary process

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10
Q

ciliary body

A

focus of lense (interocular) near or far

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11
Q

limbus

A

transition from scleras to cornea

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12
Q

iris

A

coloured portion
changes pupil size

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13
Q

cornea

A

1st lens
where light enters

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14
Q

pupil

A

opening -light enters here

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15
Q

anterior cavity is composed of ___ and ____

A

anterior chamber and posterior chamber

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16
Q

is the cornea vascularized and keratinazed?

A

no, you would see pink if it was
&
no, there is a living outer layer of cells

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17
Q

sense uryness (in cornea)

A

regulate blinking

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18
Q

microvilli (in cornea) are important for what

A

adhering a tear film

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19
Q

in the cornea where does O2 diffuse from?

A

air or from aqueous humor (simple diffusion)

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20
Q

how does the production and removal of aqueous humor work?

A
  1. aqueous humor is secreted by the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber
  2. aqueous humor moves from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, to the anterior chamber
  3. excess aqueous humor is reabsorbed vis the scleral venous sinus
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21
Q

cillary processes

A

secretory epithelial

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22
Q

what do cillary processes do?

A

vasculatre @ centre collecting fluid secretion

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23
Q

how does the iris operate?

A

like contractile diaphragm

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24
Q

circular muscle (pupil)

A

contracts–> pupil smaller less light
sphicter capillary muscle

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25
Q

what type of control does th circular muscle in the iris have?

A

parasympathetic control

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26
Q

what are ciliary processes composed of?

A

pigement epithelial inside
non pigment epithelial outside

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27
Q

what are radial muscles made of?

A

myoepithelial cells

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28
Q

what type of control do radial muscle cells in the iris have?

A

sympathetic control (fight or flight reponse)

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29
Q

what does the radial muscle do?

A

dialates –> increases pupil size more light

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30
Q

pigment epithelial

A

melonin blocking light

31
Q

intraocular lens shape

A

biconvex

32
Q

is the intraocular lens vascularized?

A

no it is avascular

33
Q

intraocular lens function

A

transparet light can pass through

34
Q

lens capsule

A

thick homogenous external lamina

35
Q

what does lens epithelium rise to?

A

cells forming lens fibres (cells of lower layers- new cells on top)
proliferation occurs on sides

36
Q

differentiating lens fibers

A

crystaline deposits of hexagonal arrays

37
Q

mature lens fibers

A

fibres more densly packed

38
Q

what doe mature lens fibres give rise to?

A

transparent property of structure

39
Q

what side of the lens is lens epithelium?

A

anterior side

40
Q

cataracts

A

clouding of lens

41
Q

why do cataracts occur?

A

protein gets old (degredation of lens protein)

42
Q

what are the results of cataracts?

A

deterioration of image quality

43
Q

what is flattened lense for?

A

for distance vision (focusing on objects in the distance)

44
Q

in flattened lense cillary muscle is ___ and zonule fibres are ____

A

relaxed and stretched

45
Q

what are rounded lens for?

A

close/near vision

46
Q

in rounded lense cillary muscle is ___ and zonule fibres are ____

A

contracted & relaxed

47
Q

2 important components of the retina

A

photosensitive (neural retina)
nonphotosensitive (pigment layer)

48
Q

what is fovea centralis associated with?

A

high resolution colour vision

49
Q

what is choroid?

A

pigment layer

50
Q

what does choroid do?

A

nutrients diffuse into retina from blood vessels (o2 demainding tissue)

51
Q

types of cells in the retina

A

pigment cells (RPE)
photoreceptros (R and C)
conducting neurons (B and G)
association neurons (H and A)
supporting glial cells ( M)

52
Q

pigment cells

A

barrier between choroid and nervous tissue

53
Q

photoreceptors

A

rods - sensitivity to light
cones- colour detection

54
Q

conducting neurons

A

bipolar neurons– ganglion

55
Q

association neurons

A

horizontal neurons and amacrine neurons help integrate signal and modulate information

56
Q

supporting glial cells

A

support cells in retina, extend cell layers

57
Q

layers of the retina

A
  1. inner limiting layer
  2. nerve fiber layer
  3. ganglionic layer
  4. inner plexiform layer
  5. inner nuclear layer
  6. outer plexiform layer
  7. outer limiting layer
  8. rod and con layer
  9. non-neural pigmented layer
58
Q

inner limiting layer

A

top layer of retina

59
Q

nerve fiber layer

A

ganglion cells bundled together to form optic nerve

60
Q

inner plexiform layer

A

cell processes

61
Q

inner nuclear layer

A

nuclei of bipolar neurons mainly

62
Q

outer plexiform layer

A

neuronal processes, no nuclei present

63
Q

outer nuclear layer

A

rod and cone cell bodies (nuclei)

64
Q

outer limiting layer

A

limit of muller cell processes

65
Q

rod and cone layer

A

photo receptor

66
Q

non-neural pigmented layer

A

retinal pigmented epithelial

67
Q

what are rods important for?

A

night vision

68
Q

what are the 3 types of cones?

A

red, blue and green

69
Q

what pigment is in rod vs cone?

A

rod- rhodopsin
con- iodopsin

70
Q

tarsal gland acini

A

holocrine secretion
sebaceous (Oily)

71
Q

what is the oil that the tarsal gland acini secretes for?

A

lubrication helping reduce evaporation

72
Q

lacrimal gland

A

tear glands- watery secretion

73
Q

what are lacrimal glands for?

A

rinsing eye, nourishing corneal cells and lubricating the eye

74
Q

what type of cells are lacrimal glands

A

myoepithelial cells

Histology final (13 decks)

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