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Histology final > 4. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

4. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

taking blood away from the heart
-absorbs and stores pressure to even flow to capillary bed

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2
Q

veins

A

returning blood to the heart

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3
Q

lymphatics

A

thin walled vessels, blind ended
- collect fluid and return it to primary circulatory system

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4
Q

endothelial cells

A

prevent clotting, allow macrophages to infiltrate tissue, help control growth

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5
Q

what do endothelial cells secrete?

A

paracrine factors

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6
Q

what pressure does the pulmonary circuit work at?

A

low pressure

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7
Q

what happens if the lungs are at high pressure

A

edema

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8
Q

what is edema?

A

lungs fill w fluid and no gas exchange can occur

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9
Q

what 4 things make up the pulmonary circuit?

A

pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries
right atrium
right ventricle

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10
Q

what makes up systemic circulation

A

left atrium
left ventricle
aorta to systemic arteries
systemic veins

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11
Q

what pressure does the systemic circuit operate at?

A

high pressure bc long distances

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12
Q

myogenic

A

contracts spontaneosly

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13
Q

autorythmic

A

controlled by sinoatrial node (pace makers set rythm)

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14
Q

right ventricle

A

delivers blood to polmonary circuit

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15
Q

pericardium

A

fluid filled sac
reduces friction from heart beating (reduces damage)

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16
Q

perkinje fibres

A

conducting systm in ventricles

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17
Q

where does contraction of the ventricles start?

A

at the apex which forces blood up

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18
Q

what does the left ventricle do?

A

muscular-pumps to the systemic circuit

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19
Q

what is the endocardium made up of?

A

endothelium –> squamous cells

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20
Q

what is the subendocordial layer

A

conducting signal for contraction

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21
Q

what does the subendocordial layer possess?

A

modified myocytes, fewer myofibrils, purkinje fibres

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22
Q

what are mesothelial cells important for?

A

fluid secretion (into pericardium)

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23
Q

epicardium

A

outer wall of heart

24
Q

coronary vessels

A

blood supply to the heart

25
Q

windkessel

A

elastic resevoir in artery walls for an even flow

26
Q

venules, veins

A

functions at low pressure
acts as volume resevoir

27
Q

velocity =

A

1/ x-sectional area

28
Q

mesothelium

A

present in blood vessels in cavity
not present when vessel is embedded in tissue/organ

29
Q

artery vs vein

A

arteries
-thick wall and small lumen
-more elastic
-low compliance

veins
-have thin wall and large lumen
- high compliance

30
Q

elasticity

A

tendency to return to intial structure thats being distended (recoil)

31
Q

from inside in what are the layers of arteries and veins?

A

intima
endothelium
subendothelial layer
internal elastic lamina
media
external elastic lamina
adventitia
vasa vasorum

32
Q

what is vaso vasorum

A

like a coronary vessel in heart (but for large blood vessels)
- oxygenated + nutrient rich blood delivery

33
Q

why is the adventitia bigger in veins then arteries?

A

takes up more space in veins to replace area

34
Q

what is intima made up of?

A

squamous epithelia; loose connective tissue
-may have some smooth muscle
- fenestrated

35
Q

what is media made of?

A

concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle
- reticular fibres and proteoglycans

36
Q

what is adventitia made of?

A

connective tissue layer, type i collagen , elastic fibres

37
Q

function of the muscular artery

A

distribution of blood + organs
help regulate blood pressure + blood flow

38
Q

muscular artery ; vasoconstriction

A

smaller diameter

39
Q

muscular artery; vasodilation

A

larger diameter

40
Q

what does smooth muscle do?

A

wrap arterioles and metarterioles
- regulate blood flow and contribute to blood pressure regulation

41
Q

what is the metarteriole

A

the terminal arteriole branch before capillary bed

42
Q

relaxed precapillary sphincters

A

ring of smooth muscle cells
relaxed blood flow to capillary beds

43
Q

shunting

A

temperature regulation (avoid blood going to skin)

44
Q

capillaries

A

smallest vessel
thin wall
extensive surface area
optimized for exchange

45
Q

pericycle role?

A

contractile
secretes ECM
regulates permeability of capillaries

46
Q

three types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous capillary
  2. fenestrated capillary
  3. sinusoid
47
Q

continuous capillary

A

most common
least permeable
regulates and transcellular exchange

48
Q

fenstrates capillary

A
49
Q

fenstrates capillary

A

holes and gaps within endothelial cells
junctions in between
more leaky

50
Q

sinusoid

A

very large gaps/holes
high rate of exchange = important in liver

51
Q

where are fenstrated capillary found?

A

intestine and kidney

52
Q

where are sinusoidal capillary found?

A

bone marrow and liver

53
Q

venous return

A
  1. smooth muscle contraction- movement
  2. muscle pumping surrounding skeletal muscle
  3. valves- prevent unidirectional flow
54
Q

lymphatic capillary

A

blind ended
collection
no red blood cells

55
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

go to lymnodes then return to the venus system

56
Q

three major tunics/ layers of blood vessels

A

intima, media, adventitia

Histology final (13 decks)

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