6. Schaffer's Stages Of Attachment AO3

Question 1

Name a strength of Schaffer and Emerson’s study

Answer 1

Longitudinal study - same children followed up and observed regularly - has better internal validity - don’t have confounding variable of individual differences between participants

Question 2

Name two strengths of Schaffer and Emerson’s study

Answer 2

• has external validity

- carried out longitudinally

Question 3

Why does Schaffer and Emerson’s study have external validity?

Answer 3

Most observations were made by parents - during ordinary activities - reported to researchers - behaviour was unlikely to be affected by presence of observers - natural behaviour

Question 4

Name a weakness of Schaffer and Emerson’s research

Answer 4

Lack of control over extraneous variables - reported by parents to researchers - not controlled conditions - could cause affects on results

Question 5

Name a limitation of Schaffers stages of attachment

Answer 5

Evidence on the timing of multiple attachments is conflicting

Question 6

Explain why evidence of multiple attachments is conflicting

Answer 6

Bowlby argues most babies form attachments to a single main career before they’re able to develop multiple - but multiple appear from outset in cultures where multiple attachments are the norm - e.g. collectivist cultures - work together in everything