5. Schaffer's Stages Of Attachment AO1

Question 1

According to Schaffer what is the first stage of attachment and when does it occur?

Answer 1

The Asocial stage, in the first few weeks

Question 2

According to Schaffer what is the second stage of attachment and when does it occur?

Answer 2

Indiscriminate attachment, between two and seven months

Question 3

According to Schaffer what is the third stage of attachment and when does it occur?

Answer 3

Specific attachment, from around seven months old

Question 4

According to Schaffer what is the fourth stage of attachment and when does it occur?

Answer 4

Multiple attachments, by one years old

Question 5

Outline the babies behaviour when they are in the Asocial stage of attachment

Answer 5

A babies behaviour towards innate objects and humans is quite similar, there is some preference for a familiar adults and babies are also happier in the presence of other humans

Question 6

Outline the babies behaviour when they are in the indiscriminate stage of attachment

Answer 6

Babies now display more observable social behaviour, with a preference for people rather than in night objects. They recognise and prefer Familia adults but do you not show stranger or separation anxiety.

Question 7

Outline the babies behaviour when they are in the specific stage of attachment

Answer 7

Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety occur when separated from one particular adult, The baby is said to have formed a specific attachment with the primary attachment figure

Question 8

Outline the babies behaviour when they are in the multiple stage of attachment

Answer 8

Secondary attachment with other adults form shortly after

Question 9

Who is the primary attachment figure?

Answer 9

This in most cases is the person who offers the most interaction and responds to the babies signals

Question 10

What percentage of the time is the biological mother the primary attachment figure?

Answer 10

65% of cases

Question 11

Outline Schaffer and Emerson’s procedure

Answer 11

60 babies from Glasgow, most from working-class families, babies and their mothers were visited at home every month every year

Question 12

What did Schaffer and Emerson measure and how?

Answer 12

1. Separation anxiety was measured by asking mothers about the children’s behaviour during every day separations
2. Stranger anxiety was measured by asking mothers questions about the children’s anxiety response to unfamiliar adults

Question 13

What percentage of babies formed secondary attachments within a month of primary attachment

Answer 13

29%

Question 14

What were Schaffer and Emerson’s findings?

Answer 14

50% of babies showed separation anxiety towards a particular adult, this occurred between 25 and 32 weeks of age. The specific (primary) attachment was usually with the mother

Question 15

Outline Schaffer and Emerson’s conclusions

Answer 15

Attachment tended to be the caregiver he was most interactive and sensitive to the infants signals and facial expressions, not necessarily the person that the infant spend the most time with