6. Midline structures of the pelvis Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
what wall does the ureter run down to reach the pelvis?
A
posterior abdominal wall
2
Q
F: what does the ureter run posterior to, to enter the bladder?
A
uterus
3
Q
F: Name of pouch between uterus and rectum
A
rectouterine pouch
4
Q
F: Name of pouch between uterus and bladder
A
vesicouterine pouch
5
Q
F: another name for rectouterine pouch
A
pouch of douglas
6
Q
bone posterior to rectum
A
coccyx
7
Q
bone anterior to bladder
A
pubic symphysis
8
Q
what do the peritoneal pouches collect?
A
free fluid and pus
9
Q
which pouch is most likely to collect more pus and fluid
A
rectouterine pouch
10
Q
where is the detrusor muscle?
A
apex of bladder
11
Q
where is the fundus of the bladder?
A
superior surface
12
Q
where is the base of the bladder?
A
posterior surface
13
Q
function of detrusor muscle?
A
contracts to expel urine
14
Q
where do the ureters enter the bladder?
A
at the supralateral corners of the bladder
15
Q
name of smooth muscle area in the bladder
A
trigone
16
Q
does the trigone contract or relax? and why
A
relax to allow urine to escaepe the bladder
17
Q
through what hole does urine leave the bladder?
A
urethral opening
18
Q
name of ridges/elevations on the inside of the bladder wall
A
rugae
19
Q
function of rugae
A
increase SA of bladder when it fills with urine
20
Q
3 areas of the uterus
A
fundus, body, cervix
21
Q
what does the cervix extend into
A
vagina
22
Q
name of opening of the vagina into the cervix
A
external os
23
Q
name the 4 fornices in the vagina
A
- right lateral
- left lateral
- posterior
- anterior
24
Q
name 3 sections of uterine tube from medial to lateral
A
isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
25
name of projections at the end of the uterine tubes
fimbrae
26
which reproductive organ does the fimbrae sit next to
ovary
27
name of structure which is an extension of the peritoneum which drapes over the uterus
broad ligaments
28
name the 3 ligaments which lie within the broad ligament
1. suspensory ligament
2. ovarian ligament
3. round ligament
29
where does the ovarian ligament run to and from
uterus to ovary
30
where does the suspensory ligament run to and from
ovary to pelvic wall
31
what 2 vessels does the suspensory ligament contain
ovarian artery and ovarian vein
32
where is the round ligament?
inferior section of the broad ligament
33
which 2 abdominal muscles protude into the pelvis
psoas major
| iliacus
34
where does the rectum start from?
S3
35
M: gland inferior to the bladder
prostate gland
36
what structure runs through the prostate gland?
urethra
37
what vessel transports sperm from the testes to the base of the penis>
vas deferens
38
name of gland posterior to the vas deferens
seminal vesicle
39
what does the seminal vesicle produce
semen
40
name of duct inbetween vas deferens and seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct
41
where does the ejaculatory duct run into (2)
prostate and prostatic urethra
42
M: name of peritoneal pouch inbetween rectum and bladder?
rectovesical pouch
43
name of folds in the rectum
rectal folds
44
how many rectal folds on the LHS?
2
45
how many rectal folds on the RHS?
1
46
function of rectal folds
prevent faeces from passing out of the rectum
47
what does the rectum lead into?
anus
48
name of junction between the anus and rectum
anurectal junction
49
where is the urethral crest located?
in the prostate gland
50
which part of the vas deferens joins with the seminal vesciles to form the ejaculatory duct?
ampulla
51
name of covering on the ovary
mesoovarium
52
What is the rectum a direct continuation of>?
sigmoid colon
53
what type of membrane is the peritoneum?
serous
54
which part of the urethra runs through the prostate gland?
prostatic urethra
55
which glands lie near the ejaculatory ducts?
bulbourethral gland
56
which part of the urethra lies within the penis?
membranous urethra
57
name the 2 membranes around the prostate gland
1. fibrous capsule
| 2. sheath derived from pelvic fascia
58
what lies between the 2 surrounding membranes of the prostate gland?
prostatic venous plexus
59
In a normal prostate, what is palpable posteriorly?
midline sulcus
60
what procedure can be done to approach the prostate without surgically opening the peritoneal cavity?
transurethral resection of the prostate
61
how can prostate cancer be spread to the vertebral column?
vertebral venous system
62
glands which lie between the posterior wall of the bladder and the rectum in males?
seminal vesicles
63
where do the vas deferens originate?
epididymis
64
how do the vas deferens gain access to the abdomen?
inguinal canal
65
Name of the final part of the vas deferens?
ampulla
66
what do the seminal vesicles secrete - component of semen?
alkaline fructose
67
4 components of sperm
- sperm cells
- alkaline fructose
- pre-ejaculate
- PSA
68
what occurs in a vasectomy?
peice of vas deferens is removed in order to steralise
69
which part of the vas deferens is cut during a vasectomy?
the initial part - at the epididymis
70
where is the internal os?
in the body of the uterus
71
3 layers of the uterine wall (deep to superficial)
- endometrium
- myometrium
- epimetrium
72
where is the epimetrium derived from?
peritoneum
73
what type of tissue is the myometrium?
smooth muscle
74
which layer of the uteral wall thickens and is shed?
endometrium
75
Name the normal position of the uterus (2)
anteverted and anteflexed
76
which 2 ligaments support the uterus within the pelvis?
1. broad ligament
| 2. round ligament
77
what can repeated childbirth cause?
weakening of ligaments - uterine drops
78
what are fibroids?
benign tumours in the myometrium
79
where in relation to the broad ligament is the uterine tube?
superior
80
what does 'water under the bridge' mean?
ureter is under the uterine artery
81
what is the round ligament an embryological structure of?
gubernaculum
82
role of gubernaculum in male foetus?
draws testes through the inguinal canal
83
where does the round ligament start from and where does it travel?
1. uterine horns
2. labia majora
3. inguinal canal
84
where in the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?
ampulla
85
what is an ectopic pregnancy?
when the egg implants in the uterine tubes instead of the uterus
86
Sterilisation process in women
hysterectomy
87
what happens during ovulation?
egg is released from ovary
88
where do ovarian arteries orginate?
abdominal aorta L2
89
where do the ovarian veins drain into?
R; IVC
| L; Left renal vein
90
what do ovarian arteries anastomose with?
uterine arteries
91
why is a uterine artery embolisation carried out?
to block the blood supply to fibroids
92
issues during uterine artery embolisation
the ovarian arteries supply the fibroids
93
which nerve lies adjacent to the ovary on the lateral wall of the pelvis?
obturator nerve
94
what muscles does the obturator nerve supply?
thigh muscles
95
what can thigh pain be an indication of?
ovarian tumour
96
which part of the peritoneal cavity is the posterior fornix closely related to? and why is this clinically significant?
rectouterine pouch - can drain pus/fluid transvaginally
97
issue when implanting IUD/coil in to the uterus via the vagina
the device may enter the peritoneal cavity through the posterior fornix
98
what is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina and uterus?
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
99
what does the internal iliac artery divide into?
inferior gluteal artery
100
what region of the GI tract is supplied by the inferior rectal artery?
lower half of the anal canal and anus
