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CRR Anatomy > 6. Midline structures of the pelvis > Flashcards

6. Midline structures of the pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what wall does the ureter run down to reach the pelvis?

A

posterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

F: what does the ureter run posterior to, to enter the bladder?

A

uterus

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3
Q

F: Name of pouch between uterus and rectum

A

rectouterine pouch

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4
Q

F: Name of pouch between uterus and bladder

A

vesicouterine pouch

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5
Q

F: another name for rectouterine pouch

A

pouch of douglas

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6
Q

bone posterior to rectum

A

coccyx

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7
Q

bone anterior to bladder

A

pubic symphysis

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8
Q

what do the peritoneal pouches collect?

A

free fluid and pus

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9
Q

which pouch is most likely to collect more pus and fluid

A

rectouterine pouch

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10
Q

where is the detrusor muscle?

A

apex of bladder

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11
Q

where is the fundus of the bladder?

A

superior surface

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12
Q

where is the base of the bladder?

A

posterior surface

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13
Q

function of detrusor muscle?

A

contracts to expel urine

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14
Q

where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

at the supralateral corners of the bladder

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15
Q

name of smooth muscle area in the bladder

A

trigone

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16
Q

does the trigone contract or relax? and why

A

relax to allow urine to escaepe the bladder

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17
Q

through what hole does urine leave the bladder?

A

urethral opening

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18
Q

name of ridges/elevations on the inside of the bladder wall

A

rugae

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19
Q

function of rugae

A

increase SA of bladder when it fills with urine

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20
Q

3 areas of the uterus

A

fundus, body, cervix

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21
Q

what does the cervix extend into

A

vagina

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22
Q

name of opening of the vagina into the cervix

A

external os

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23
Q

name the 4 fornices in the vagina

A
  1. right lateral
  2. left lateral
  3. posterior
  4. anterior
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24
Q

name 3 sections of uterine tube from medial to lateral

A

isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum

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25
Q

name of projections at the end of the uterine tubes

A

fimbrae

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26
Q

which reproductive organ does the fimbrae sit next to

A

ovary

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27
Q

name of structure which is an extension of the peritoneum which drapes over the uterus

A

broad ligaments

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28
Q

name the 3 ligaments which lie within the broad ligament

A
  1. suspensory ligament
  2. ovarian ligament
  3. round ligament
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29
Q

where does the ovarian ligament run to and from

A

uterus to ovary

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30
Q

where does the suspensory ligament run to and from

A

ovary to pelvic wall

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31
Q

what 2 vessels does the suspensory ligament contain

A

ovarian artery and ovarian vein

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32
Q

where is the round ligament?

A

inferior section of the broad ligament

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33
Q

which 2 abdominal muscles protude into the pelvis

A

psoas major

iliacus

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34
Q

where does the rectum start from?

A

S3

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35
Q

M: gland inferior to the bladder

A

prostate gland

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36
Q

what structure runs through the prostate gland?

A

urethra

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37
Q

what vessel transports sperm from the testes to the base of the penis>

A

vas deferens

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38
Q

name of gland posterior to the vas deferens

A

seminal vesicle

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39
Q

what does the seminal vesicle produce

A

semen

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40
Q

name of duct inbetween vas deferens and seminal vesicle

A

ejaculatory duct

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41
Q

where does the ejaculatory duct run into (2)

A

prostate and prostatic urethra

42
Q

M: name of peritoneal pouch inbetween rectum and bladder?

A

rectovesical pouch

43
Q

name of folds in the rectum

A

rectal folds

44
Q

how many rectal folds on the LHS?

A

2

45
Q

how many rectal folds on the RHS?

A

1

46
Q

function of rectal folds

A

prevent faeces from passing out of the rectum

47
Q

what does the rectum lead into?

A

anus

48
Q

name of junction between the anus and rectum

A

anurectal junction

49
Q

where is the urethral crest located?

A

in the prostate gland

50
Q

which part of the vas deferens joins with the seminal vesciles to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

ampulla

51
Q

name of covering on the ovary

A

mesoovarium

52
Q

What is the rectum a direct continuation of>?

A

sigmoid colon

53
Q

what type of membrane is the peritoneum?

A

serous

54
Q

which part of the urethra runs through the prostate gland?

A

prostatic urethra

55
Q

which glands lie near the ejaculatory ducts?

A

bulbourethral gland

56
Q

which part of the urethra lies within the penis?

A

membranous urethra

57
Q

name the 2 membranes around the prostate gland

A
  1. fibrous capsule

2. sheath derived from pelvic fascia

58
Q

what lies between the 2 surrounding membranes of the prostate gland?

A

prostatic venous plexus

59
Q

In a normal prostate, what is palpable posteriorly?

A

midline sulcus

60
Q

what procedure can be done to approach the prostate without surgically opening the peritoneal cavity?

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

61
Q

how can prostate cancer be spread to the vertebral column?

A

vertebral venous system

62
Q

glands which lie between the posterior wall of the bladder and the rectum in males?

A

seminal vesicles

63
Q

where do the vas deferens originate?

A

epididymis

64
Q

how do the vas deferens gain access to the abdomen?

A

inguinal canal

65
Q

Name of the final part of the vas deferens?

A

ampulla

66
Q

what do the seminal vesicles secrete - component of semen?

A

alkaline fructose

67
Q

4 components of sperm

A
  • sperm cells
  • alkaline fructose
  • pre-ejaculate
  • PSA
68
Q

what occurs in a vasectomy?

A

peice of vas deferens is removed in order to steralise

69
Q

which part of the vas deferens is cut during a vasectomy?

A

the initial part - at the epididymis

70
Q

where is the internal os?

A

in the body of the uterus

71
Q

3 layers of the uterine wall (deep to superficial)

A
  • endometrium
  • myometrium
  • epimetrium
72
Q

where is the epimetrium derived from?

A

peritoneum

73
Q

what type of tissue is the myometrium?

A

smooth muscle

74
Q

which layer of the uteral wall thickens and is shed?

A

endometrium

75
Q

Name the normal position of the uterus (2)

A

anteverted and anteflexed

76
Q

which 2 ligaments support the uterus within the pelvis?

A
  1. broad ligament

2. round ligament

77
Q

what can repeated childbirth cause?

A

weakening of ligaments - uterine drops

78
Q

what are fibroids?

A

benign tumours in the myometrium

79
Q

where in relation to the broad ligament is the uterine tube?

A

superior

80
Q

what does ‘water under the bridge’ mean?

A

ureter is under the uterine artery

81
Q

what is the round ligament an embryological structure of?

A

gubernaculum

82
Q

role of gubernaculum in male foetus?

A

draws testes through the inguinal canal

83
Q

where does the round ligament start from and where does it travel?

A
  1. uterine horns
  2. labia majora
  3. inguinal canal
84
Q

where in the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?

A

ampulla

85
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

when the egg implants in the uterine tubes instead of the uterus

86
Q

Sterilisation process in women

A

hysterectomy

87
Q

what happens during ovulation?

A

egg is released from ovary

88
Q

where do ovarian arteries orginate?

A

abdominal aorta L2

89
Q

where do the ovarian veins drain into?

A

R; IVC

L; Left renal vein

90
Q

what do ovarian arteries anastomose with?

A

uterine arteries

91
Q

why is a uterine artery embolisation carried out?

A

to block the blood supply to fibroids

92
Q

issues during uterine artery embolisation

A

the ovarian arteries supply the fibroids

93
Q

which nerve lies adjacent to the ovary on the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

obturator nerve

94
Q

what muscles does the obturator nerve supply?

A

thigh muscles

95
Q

what can thigh pain be an indication of?

A

ovarian tumour

96
Q

which part of the peritoneal cavity is the posterior fornix closely related to? and why is this clinically significant?

A

rectouterine pouch - can drain pus/fluid transvaginally

97
Q

issue when implanting IUD/coil in to the uterus via the vagina

A

the device may enter the peritoneal cavity through the posterior fornix

98
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina and uterus?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

99
Q

what does the internal iliac artery divide into?

A

inferior gluteal artery

100
Q

what region of the GI tract is supplied by the inferior rectal artery?

A

lower half of the anal canal and anus

CRR Anatomy (7 decks)

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