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CRR Anatomy > 2. Lungs and pleura > Flashcards

2. Lungs and pleura Flashcards

1
Q

What type of membrane is the pleura?

A

Serous

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2
Q

Purpose of the pleura?

A

Separates organ from exterior

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3
Q

2 layers of the pleural sac

A

visceral and parietal

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4
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

covering over the heart, vessels etc, which is in between the lungs

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5
Q

what organ attaches to the visceral pleura?

A

lungs

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6
Q

what lies between the 2 pleural membranes?

A

pleural fluid

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7
Q

Name for space below the visceral pleural membrane of the inferior lung

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

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8
Q

Function of recess

A

Allows space for lungs to expand in forced expiration

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9
Q

what bones does the parietal pleura cover?

A

the thoracic cage

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10
Q

what would occur if the pleura was damaged?

A

punctured lung

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11
Q

term for air in pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

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12
Q

term for blood in pleural cavity

A

haemothorax

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13
Q

definiton of chylothorax

A

lymph fluid in pleural cavity

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14
Q

definition of empyema

A

pus in the pleural cavity

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15
Q

how can abnormal substances in the pleural cavity be removed?

A

chest drain

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16
Q

Nerve supply to the visceral pleura

A
  • sensory fibres detect stretch

- Autonomic - pulmonary plexus

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17
Q

what is the pulmonary plexus?

A

a network of nerves derived from the sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve

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18
Q

Which pleura of the lung is sensitive to pain?

A

only parietal

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19
Q

which nerves innervate the parietal pleura?

A

Phrenic and intercostal nerve

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20
Q

what is referred pain?

A

pain felt in another part of the body other than its actual source

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21
Q

Irritation of the parietal pleura produced referred pain in the…. (2)

A
  • Thoracic wall
  • abdominal wall
  • shoulder
22
Q

in terms of referred pain, how is pain caused to the thoracic-abdominal wall from the parietal pleura?

A

Intercostal nerves

23
Q

in terms of referred pain, how is pain caused to the shoulder from the parietal pleura?

A

phrenic nerve

24
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

25
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

26
Q

what are the lung lobes partially separated by?

A

fissures

27
Q

Name of lobes on the right lung

A
  1. superior lobe
  2. middle lobe
  3. inferior lobe
28
Q

name of fissures on the right lung

A 
horizontal fissure (top)
oblique fissure
29
Q

name of fissure on the left lung

A

oblique fissure

30
Q

Name of indentation on the left lung from the heart

A

cardiac notch

31
Q

what 4 tubes/vessels make up the lung roots

A
  • 2 x pulmonary veins
  • pulmonary artery
  • bronchus
32
Q

where do the lungs roots run from

A

the heart to the hilus of the lungs

33
Q

where do the bronchial arteries originate?

A

thoracic aorta

34
Q

what do the bronchial arteries supply?

A

Lungs

35
Q

2 diseases which cause a bronchus to be obstructed?

A
  1. bronchogenic carcinoma

2. obstructive lung diseases

36
Q

why is a chest x-ray taken PA rather than AP?

A

PA is easier to see as the heart shadow size is smaller

37
Q

when may an AP CXR be taken?

A

In patients who cannot sit upright

38
Q

Why are chest x-rays normally taken in full inspiration?

A

lungs are fully expanded

39
Q

what 2 blood vessels of the Right border of the heart can be seen in a CXR?

A
  • sup. vena cava

- inf. vena cava

40
Q

what 2 blood vessels of the left border of the heart can be seen in a CXR?

A
  • aorta

- pulmonary artery

41
Q

why do lung hilia appear radio-opaque?

A

they are filled with blood & have thick walls

42
Q

On an CXR, how will it look different with a pneumothorax?

A

more white areas

43
Q

what is a simple pneumothorax?

A

non-expanding collection of air

44
Q

what is a tension pneumothorax?

A

progressive build up of air

45
Q

why should a tension pneumothorax never be seen (2)?

A
  • diagnosis is clinical

- patient may die with an xray

46
Q

which primary bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical?

A

Right side

47
Q

which is the first rib to attach to the sternum?

A

2nd rib

48
Q

most superior surface of the lung pleura?

A

cervical pleura

49
Q

location of the apex of the lungs

A

most superior of lungs

50
Q

how is the primary bronchi identifiable on the lung hilum?

A

cartilaginous rings

51
Q

Name of the small black dots on the lung hilum

A

hilar lymph nodes

52
Q

role of hilar lymph nodes

A

filter out carbon from inspired air

CRR Anatomy (7 decks)

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