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CRR Anatomy > 1. Upper respiratory tract and chest wall > Flashcards

1. Upper respiratory tract and chest wall Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?

A

inferior meatus

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2
Q

what does the nasolacrimal duct link?

A

nasal cavity to eye

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3
Q

lower border of nasal cavity

A

hard palate

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4
Q

what separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate

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5
Q

Which 2 tonsils are in the oral cavity?

A

lingual & palatine

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6
Q

What separates the oropharynx from the laryngopharynx?

A

Epiglottis

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7
Q

when swallowing, what does the epiglottis do and why?

A

Blocks trachea - stops food from entering it

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8
Q

which fold runs from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages?

A

Aryepiglottic fold

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9
Q

Other name for vestibular cords?

A

False vocal cords

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10
Q

Which are more superior? - true or false vocal cords?

A

False

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11
Q

What bone is the 1st ribbed tucked under?

A

Clavicle

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12
Q

Where is the facet on the rib, which articulates with the thoraric vertebra?

A

on the head of the rib

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13
Q

Other than the head of the rib, where else does the rib articulate with the vertebrae?

A

tubercle

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14
Q

Name of angle on ribs

A

costal angle

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15
Q

name of groove inferiorly on rib

A

costal groove

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16
Q

what cartilage does the rib articulate?

A

Costal cartilage

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17
Q

where is the suprasternal angle?

A

middle of manubrium (sternum)

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18
Q

Name of angle between manubrium and body of sternum?

A

Sternal angle

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19
Q

Most inferior section of sternum?

A

Xiphisternum

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20
Q

What part of the T vertebra articulates with the head of the rib?

A

Transverse process

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21
Q

Name 3 muscles in chest wall (superficial to deep)

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. pectoralis minor
  3. serratus anterior
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22
Q

Name 3 layers of muscle in intercostal spaces (superficial to deep)

A
  1. External intercostal
  2. Interal intercostal
  3. Innermost intercostal
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23
Q

Describe direction of fibres in external intercostal

A

negative correlation

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24
Q

Where does the external intercostal muscle get more thinner?

A

More anterior

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25
Q

where does the internal intercostal muscle get more thinner?

A

more posterior

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26
Q

between which intercostal muscles does the neurovascular bundle flow?

A

Internal and innermost intercostal muscles

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27
Q

Name order of neurovasuclar vessels (superior to inferior)

A

VAN

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28
Q

3 places the intercostal nerve supplies

A
  1. surrounding skin
  2. parietal pleura
  3. muscles of intercostal space
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29
Q

where does the internal thoracic arteries originate from?

A

subclavian artery (aorta)

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30
Q

where does the internal thoracic artery bifurcate?

A

6th intercostal space

31
Q

what 2 places does the brances of thoracic artery supply?

A
  1. diaphragm

2. anterior abdominal wall

32
Q

what is conditioning?

A

warming, moistening and removal of particles from inspired air

33
Q

benefits of conditioning?

A

Removes pathogens

34
Q

bone which is superior to nasal cavity

A

nasal bone

35
Q

adaptations to membrane in nasal cavity

A

mucous ciliated membrane that has goblet cells

36
Q

What are nasal polyps ?

A

swellings of nasal lining - can block sinuses

37
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

air filled extensions of nasal cavity in the skull

38
Q

4 paranasal sinuses

A

ethmoid, sphenoidal, frontal and maxillae

39
Q

Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus?

A

frontal and maxillar

40
Q

which sinuses drain into the superior meatus?

A

sphenoidal and ethmoid

41
Q

why is maxillary sinus more prone to infection?

A

located closest to drainage orifice - adequate drainage cannot take place

42
Q

Name of infected maxillary sinuses

A

Maxillary sinusitis

43
Q

why can maxillary sinusitis cause toothache?

A

sinus can swell due to inflammation and puts pressure on the molar teeth roots

44
Q

2 places auditory tube links

A

middle ear and nasopharynx

45
Q

which tonsil lies in the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal

46
Q

function of tonsils

A

remove pathogens

47
Q

where is the tubul tonsil?

A

surrounding auditory tube

48
Q

What is tonsillitus?

A

inflammation of tonsils

49
Q

what compartment links the laryngopharynx to the trachea?

A

larynx

50
Q

What do the laryngeal muscles do?

A

contract to narrow the laryngeal inlet

51
Q

What procedure is carried out when a patient cannot breathe for themselves?

A

Endotracheal intubation

52
Q

what equipment is used to hold the tongue out of the way so the vocal cords can be see?

A

laryngoscope

53
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

the space between the vocal cords

54
Q

What cancer can form in the larynx?

A

vocal cord cancer

55
Q

symptoms of vocal cord cancer

A
  • coughing
  • sore throat
  • lump in throat
  • weight loss
  • ear pain
56
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

57
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae are Typical?

A

T2-T8

58
Q

features of a typical vertebra

A
  • heart shaped body

- 2 costal facets

59
Q

how may acute fracture to the thoracic vertebrae occur?

A

RTA, fall from a height

60
Q

what disease can lead to pathological vertebral fractures?

A

Osteoporosis

61
Q

consequences of sternal fractures (2)

A
  • difficulty breathing

- injury to heart and lungs

62
Q

what is a median sternomy and why is it performed?

A

vertical incision along the sternum - gain access to heart/lungs

63
Q

which ribs are atypical in terms of their articulations?

A

1,2,10,11,12

64
Q

what are true ribs?

A

ribs that attach directly to sternum (1-7)

65
Q

what are false ribs?

A

ribs that attach to one another and to 7th costal cartilage

66
Q

what are floating ribs?

A

ribs that dont attach to sternum (11+12)

67
Q

what is a cervical rib?

A

extra rib

68
Q

problems of a cervical rib

A

presses on nerves and blood vessels - pain in neck and arm

69
Q

muscles which move chest wall

A

intercostal muscles

70
Q

what is a flial chest?

A

detachment of a segment of the rib cage

71
Q

what structure of a rib protects the neurovascular bundle?

A

subcostal groove

72
Q

where does the intercostal vein drain?

A

internal thoracic vein

73
Q

which nerve runs inferior to the 12th rib?

A

subcostal nerve

CRR Anatomy (7 decks)

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