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CRR Anatomy > 5. The Urinary System > Flashcards

5. The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

at what point does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

12th thoracic vertebral level

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2
Q

at what point does the inferior vena cava (IVC) pass through the diaphragm?

A

8th thoracic verterbral level

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3
Q

Origination of the common iliac artery

A

abdominal aorta

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4
Q

what does the common iliac artery supply? (2)

A

lower limb

pelvis

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5
Q

name of poles on kidney

A

superior and inferior

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6
Q

name of curved outer surface of kidney

A

lateral surface

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7
Q

which is longer, right or left renal vein?

A

left

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8
Q

where do the renal veins originate from?

A

IVC

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9
Q

describe the positioning of the IVC to the aorta

A

IVC is to the right and anterior to aorta

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10
Q

Where does the renal vein branch?

A

at the kidney hilum

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11
Q

where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

IVC

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12
Q

where does the left gonadol vein drain into?

A

left renal vein

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13
Q

where does the gonadal vein originate from?

A

gonads

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14
Q

Name of gonadal vein in females

A

ovarian vein

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15
Q

Name of gonadal vein in males

A

testicular vein

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16
Q

where does the renal artery originate from?

A

abdominal aorta

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17
Q

where does the renal artery branch off the aorta?

A

L1-2

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18
Q

which is the most posterior structure on the kidney?

A

renal pelvis

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19
Q

structure extending from renal pelvis

A

ureter

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20
Q

role of renal pelvis

A

collects urine from kidneys

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21
Q

how to differentiate between R and L kidney

A

anteriorly, the right is C shaped

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22
Q

outer section of crosssectional kidney

A

cortex

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23
Q

inner section of cross sectional kidney

A

medulla

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24
Q

name of collecting ducts in kidney

A

minor calyx

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25
Q

what do minor calyx join up to

A

major calyx

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26
Q

name of protuding parts of the cortex into the medulla

A

renal columns

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27
Q

what do the renal pyramids contain

A

nephrons

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28
Q

role of nephrons

A

absorb water and produce urine

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29
Q

where are suprarenal glands

A

superior to kidneys

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30
Q

name of 3 muscles nearby kidney

A
  1. psoas major
  2. quadratus lumborum
  3. Iliacus
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31
Q

which muscle lies directly beneath the kidneys

A

psoas major

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32
Q

where does the psoas major originate from

A

lumbar regions of thoracic vertebrae

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33
Q

which is more superior, the quadratus lumborum or the iliacus?

A

quadratus lumborum

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34
Q

where does the quadratus lumborum originate from?

A

12th rib

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35
Q

where does the quadratus lumborum extend to?

A

iliac crest

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36
Q

which muscle sits next to the iliac fossa?

A

iliacus

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37
Q

name of muscle that joins iliacus and psoas major

A

iliopsoas

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38
Q

function of iliopsoas

A

flexor of thigh at hip joint

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39
Q

how many nerves does the kidney sit on?>

A

3

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40
Q

name all 3 nerves, superior to inferior

A
  1. subcostal nerve
  2. iliohypogastric nerve
  3. ilioinguinal nerve
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41
Q

which nerve orginates from the 12th spinal cord segment?

A

subcostal nerve

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42
Q

where do the other 2 nerves originate from?

A

L1 spinal cord segment

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43
Q

are all these nerves somatic or autonomic?

A

somatic

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44
Q

sensory innervation from…

A

surrounding skin

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45
Q

motor innervation from…..

A

muscles of anterior lateral abdominal wall

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46
Q

what does the common iliac artery bifurcate into and state the position of these

A

external iliac artery (L)

internal iliac artery (R)

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47
Q

at what point does the ureter enter the pelvis

A

the birfurcation of the common iliac artery

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48
Q

are adrenal glands part of the urinary system?

A

no

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49
Q

the kidneys are retroperitoneal, what does this mean?

A

behind the peritoneum

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50
Q

why is the right kidney lower than the left?

A

liver

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51
Q

which ribs does the right kidney lie on?

A

12th

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52
Q

which ribs does the left kidney lie on?

A

11th and 12th

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53
Q

what is perinephric fat?

A

fat around renal corpuscle

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54
Q

what is paranephric fat?

A

fat posterior to the kidney

55
Q

where in the kidney are renal corpuscles?

A

renal cortex

56
Q

what is a renal sinus?

A 
a cavity which contains the:
renal pelvis 
calyx
renal blood vessels 
nerves
57
Q

which structures unite to form the ureteric pelvis?

A

major calyces

58
Q

what structures make up the renal hilum, anterior to posterior?

A
  1. renal vein
  2. renal artery
  3. ureter
59
Q

what is an accessory renal artery?

A

extra renal arteries

60
Q

origin of accessory renal artery

A

aorta

61
Q

which veins drain into the left renal vein? (2)

A
  1. left gonadal vein

2. left suprarenal vein

62
Q

Medical term for inflammation/infection of the kidney

A

pyelonephritis

63
Q

symptoms of pyelonephritis

A

fever, sickness, back pain

64
Q

what can pyelonephritis cause?

A

kidney failure, septicaemia

65
Q

medical term for kidney stones

A

renal calculus

66
Q

what can kidney stones cause blockage of

A

ureter and urethra

67
Q

symptoms of kidney stones

A

blockes bladder, severe abdomen pain

68
Q

what is a nephrostomy?

A

opening between the kidney and skin - inserting a tube so the urine enters an external bag

69
Q

when are nephrostomies perfomes?

A

blood clot, kidney stones, blocked ureter

70
Q

what 2 organs are the suprarenal glands in contact with?

A

kidney and diaphragm

71
Q

how many arteries supply each adrenal gland?

A

3

72
Q

why are adrenal glands highly vascularised?

A

endocrine gland - excrete hormone into the blood stream

73
Q

Name the 3 arteries that supply the adrenal glands

A

superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries

74
Q

origin of the superior suprarenal artery (2)

A

inferior phrenic artery - aorta

75
Q

origin of the middle suprarenal artery

A

aorta

76
Q

origin of the inferior suprarenal artery (2)

A

renal artery - Aorta

77
Q

where does the right suprarenal vein drain into?

A

IVC

78
Q

where does the left suprarenal vein drain into?

A

left renal vein

79
Q

what type of muscle is in the ureter

A

smooth muscle

80
Q

what type of epithelia lines the ureter?

A

transitional

81
Q

where does the ureter carry urine to and from?

A

kidneys to bladder

82
Q

which joint is posterior to the common iliac artery?

A

sacro-iliac joint

83
Q

Name of ureter soon as it leaves the kidney

A

renal pelvis

84
Q

where does the abdominal ureter span from

A

renal pelvis to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

85
Q

what is the name of the ureter when it enters the interal sphincter of the urinary bladder

A

pelvic ureter

86
Q

where does the intravesical ureter span to and from

A

urinary bladder to the urethra

87
Q

what crosses the ureter in males?

A

vas deferens

88
Q

what crosses the ureter in females?

A

uterine artery

89
Q

blood supply to upper ureter

A

renal artery

90
Q

blood supply to middle ureter (2)

A

common iliac artery, gonadal artery

91
Q

blood supply to the distal ureter (male and female)

A

internal iliac artery
Male - superior vesicle artery
Female - uterine artery

92
Q

uterine artery lies _____ to the ureter

A

anterior

93
Q

vas deferens lies ______ to the ureter

A

anterior

94
Q

3 places where the ureter narrows

A
  1. uteropelvis junction
  2. pelvic brim
  3. where ureter enters bladder
95
Q

where are kidney stones most likely to get stuck

A

areas where the ureter narrows

96
Q

which bone is anterior to the bladder

A

pubic symphysis

97
Q

name of space between the bladder and pubic symphysis

A

retropubic space

98
Q

what type of muscle is in the bladder

A

detrusor

99
Q

when the bladder is empty, where does it lie in the body?

A

only the pelvis

100
Q

when the bladder fills, where does it extend to?

A

lower anterior abdominal wall

101
Q

where can the bladder maximumly stretch to?

A

umbilicus level

102
Q

how many surfaces does the bladder have?

A

4

103
Q

how many regions does the bladder have?

A

4

104
Q

Name the 4 regions of the bladder

A

body, apex, fundus (base), neck

105
Q

name the 4 surfaces of bladder

A

superior
base/posterior
left and right inferolateral

106
Q

what structures lie posterior to bladder in males (2)?

A

rectum

anus

107
Q

what structures lie posterior to bladder in females (4)?

A

rectum
anus
uterus
vagina

108
Q

in what position do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

posterolaterally

109
Q

why do the ureters enter the bladder posterolaterally?

A

one way valve - prevent backflow of urine

110
Q

name of tissue at the base of the urinary bladder

A

trigone

111
Q

what is the trigone between?

A

urethra and ureter

112
Q

normal capacity of the bladder

A

400-600mL

113
Q

relaxing of the bladder muscles is which part of the autonomic NS?

A

parasympathetic

114
Q

what is urinary retention

A

producing urine but cannot urinate

115
Q

what is urinary incontinence

A

cannot voluntarily supress urination

116
Q

treatment of urinary retention

A

catheterisation

117
Q

what is suprapubic catheterisation

A

created a opening between the urinary bladder and the skin

118
Q

at which point do the urethra and bladder communicate?

A

internal urethral orifice

119
Q

name of point where urethra opens into the external environment

A

external urethral orifice

120
Q

which region is the external urethral orifice located?

A

perineum

121
Q

where is the external urethral orifice found in females?

A

vestibule of the vagina

122
Q

where is the external urethral orifice found in males?

A

tip of penis

123
Q

who has a longer external urethral orifice m/f?

A

males

124
Q

who are more prone to UTIs m/f?

A

female

125
Q

reason for UTI to be more common in females

A

shorter space - smaller distance for bacteria to travel

126
Q

how many parts is the male urethra made from?

A

4

127
Q

Name 4 male urethra parts from pelvis to perineum:

A
  1. pre-prostatic
  2. prostatic
  3. membranous
  4. spongy
128
Q

Section of male urethra: external orifice

A

spongy

129
Q

Section of male urethra: neck of bladder to prostate

A

pre-prostatic

130
Q

where does the prostatic urethra travel through?

A

prostate, ejaculatory ducts

131
Q

Section of male urethra: pelvic floor, deep perineal pouch , sphincter

A

membranous

132
Q

what does IVP stand for

A

intravenous pyelogram

133
Q

how do kidney stones show up on an IVP?

A

radiopaque

CRR Anatomy (7 decks)

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