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CRR Anatomy > 3. The lateral mediastinum and exterior of the heart > Flashcards

3. The lateral mediastinum and exterior of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 vessels should be seen on the lung root?

A
  • bronchi
  • pulmonary artery
  • pulmonary veins
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2
Q

origin of the phrenic nerve

A

spinal cord segment C3,C4,C5

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3
Q

function of phrenic nerve

A

motor innervation to the diaphragm for contraction

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4
Q

where does the L. phrenic nerve recieve sensory innervation from? (2)

A
  • pericardium

- parietal pleura

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5
Q

name of foetal remnant in heart

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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6
Q

function of ligamentum arteriosum

A

allowed a shunt of blood to travel from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta without going to the lungs as they werent functioning

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7
Q

previous name of ligamentum arteriosum

A

ductus arteriosum

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8
Q

origin of vagus nerve

A

medulla oblongata

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9
Q

what type of nerve is the vagus nerve

A

cranial nerve

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10
Q

what type of nervous innervation does the vagus nerve give?

A

parasympathetic

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11
Q

where does the L.vagus nerve supply?

A

thoracic viscera

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12
Q

what 3 plexuses does the L.vagus nerve branch into ?

A
  1. cardiac plexus
  2. pulmonary plexus
  3. esophageal plexus
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13
Q

where does the L.vagus nerve branch?

A

at the lung root

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14
Q

what nerve does the L.vagus nerve branch into?

A

L. recurrent laryngeal nerve

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15
Q

what structure does the L. recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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16
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply?

A

the muscles of the larynx

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17
Q

between what structures is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

heart and arch of aorta

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18
Q

which nerve is more anterior; vagus or phrenic?

A

phrenic

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19
Q

where on the aorta does the phrenic nerve pass?

A

anterior to arch of aorta

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20
Q

which nerve runs on the lateral surface of the pericardium?

A

phrenic nerve

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21
Q

which nerve does the R. recurrent laryngeal nerve branch from?

A

the R. vagus nerve

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22
Q

where does the azygos vein drain into?

A

superior vena cava

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23
Q

what vein does the thoracic wall blood drain into?

A

azygos vein

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24
Q

which specific veins drain into the azygos vein?

A

intercostal veins

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25
Q

role of sup. vena cava

A

drains blood from the head, neck and upper limbs

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26
Q

which side of the heart is the superior vena cava on?

A

right side

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27
Q

2 branches of the sup. vena cava

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins

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28
Q

what do each of the brachiocephalic veins branch into (L+R)?

A

right and left;

  • subclavian vein
  • internal jugular vein
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29
Q

what nerve is attached to the trachea?

A

R. vagus nerve

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30
Q

which nerve runs down the sup. vena cava?

A

R. phrenic nerve

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31
Q

where is the sympathetic chain?

A

thoracic wall

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32
Q

what do the sympathetic nerves join to?

A

plexuses of the parasympathethic nerves

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33
Q

what is the sympathetic chain made up of?

A

ganglia

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34
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A
  1. serous

2. outer fibrous layer

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35
Q

2 layers of serous pericardium

A
  1. visceral

2. parietal

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36
Q

function of fluid in pericardial cavity

A

allows heart to beat smoothly

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37
Q

what 3 chambers of the heart can be seen anteriorly

A

LV. RA, RV

38
Q

what chambers are visible on the posterior side of heart

A

all chambers

39
Q

which side of the heart are the pulmonary veins visible

A

posterior

40
Q

where is the right atrium in relation to the aorta

A

to the left

41
Q

where can both the R + L coronary arteries be found

A

behind the appropraite auricles

42
Q

another name for coronary sulcus

A

atrioventricular groove

43
Q

where does the right coronary artery run

A

through the atrioventricular groove

44
Q

between which chambers of the heart does the R. coronary artery run?

A

R atrium and R ventricle

45
Q

branch of the R. coronary artery on the anterior side of heart

A

right marginal artery

46
Q

branch of the R. coronary artery on the posterior side of heart

A

posterior interventricular artery

47
Q

between which chambers of the heart does the posterior interventricular artery run

A

right and left ventricles - posterior side of heart

48
Q

where does the posterior interventricular artery end?

A

left atrium

49
Q

which blood vessel is close to the L. coronary artery?

A

pulmonary artery/trunk

50
Q

which is shorter, the left or right coronary arteries?

A

left

51
Q

2 branches of the L. coronary artery?

A
  1. circumflex artery

2. anterior interventricular artery

52
Q

what does the circumflex artery branch into

A

left marginal artery

53
Q

where is the coronary sinus on the heart?

A

posterior side - atrioventricular groove

54
Q

role of coronary sinus?

A

recieves venous blood from heart - transports to right atrium

55
Q

differentiation of superior and inferior mediastinum

A

the sternal angle of the sternum

56
Q

3 subdivisions of the inferior mediastinum

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior
  3. middle
57
Q

what is the tracheal carina and where does it occur?

A

birfurcation of the trachea at the sternal angle (4th thoracic vertebra

58
Q

function of thoracic duct

A

drains lymph from the body

59
Q

why could an enlarged left sided supraclavicular lymph node a sign of?

A

lymphoma, thoracic cancer

60
Q

what do the vagus nerves supply?

A

heart, lungs and digestive tract

61
Q

what nervous fibres does the phrenic nerve carry?

A

autonomic and somatic

62
Q

what nervous fibres does the vagus nerve carry?

A

autonomic

63
Q

why might an intrathoracic tumour lead to loss of voice?

A

the recurrent largyngeal nerve puts pressure on the vocal cords

64
Q

is the pulmonary plexus sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

both

65
Q

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on bronchi

A

bronchodilation

66
Q

why should asthma patients never be given beta blockers?

A

beta blockers induce bronchoconstriction

67
Q

Name of nerves which emerge from the sympathetic chain (medial)

A

splanchnic nerves

68
Q

what is pericardial effusion?

A

passage of fluid from pericardial capillaries to the pericardial cavity

69
Q

what is cardiac tamponade?

A

heart compression caused by build up of fluid in the pericardium

70
Q

consequence if cardiac tamponade is not treated

A

circulation fails

71
Q

which heart chamber contains the pulmonary veins?

A

left atrium

72
Q

how many valves are in the heart?

A

4

73
Q

Name of 2 atrioventricular valvues

A

tricuspid and mitral

74
Q

which AV valve is on the right

A

tricuspid

75
Q

2 semilunar values

A
  1. pulmonary valve

2. aortic valve

76
Q

where is the pulmonary valve?

A

right ventricle and pulmonary artery

77
Q

where is the aortic valve?

A

left ventricle and aorta

78
Q

heart muscle

A

myocardium

79
Q

where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

aortic sinus

80
Q

which coronary artery gives the greater supply to sinoatrial and AV nodes?

A

right coronary artery

81
Q

name for smaller branches of coronary arteries

A

functional end arteries

82
Q

what is a functional end artery?

A

has ineffected anastamoses

83
Q

what is angina pectoris?

A

tightness of chest

84
Q

what is a coronary thrombosis?

A

blockage of blood flow to the heart due to a blood clot in the coronary artery

85
Q

what do all coronary veins drain into?

A

coronary sinus

86
Q

where does the coronary sinus open into?

A

right atrium

87
Q

affect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart

A

increase HR

88
Q

affect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart

A

decrease HR

89
Q

where does pain from angina pectoris usually arise?

A

right

90
Q

where is pain usually reffered in angina pectoris?

A

left arm and chest

91
Q

why is pain referred to the left in angina?

A

pain radiates due to thoracic cord segments

CRR Anatomy (7 decks)

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