6. Long Term Memory Flashcards
memory
- processes by which info is encoded, stored, and retrieved
learning
- the combined effect of all encoding, storage, and retrieval in gradually enhancing the performance of a particular task
working memory
- memory held briefly in the mind that enables completion of a particular task
declarative memory
- also called explicit memory
- memory available to consciousness that can be expressed by language
non-declarative memory
- also called implicit memory
- memory expressed through performance, assumed to operate unconsciously
amnesia
- the pathological inability to remember or to establish memories
anterograde amnesia
- the inability to lay down new memories
retrograde amnesia
- the inability to recall memories for events that happened before the lesion or brain disorder that caused the memory loss
childhood amnesia
- in adults, the inability to remember the early years of childhood
skill learning
- gradual improvement in the performance of a motor or cognitive task as a result of extensive experience and repeated practice
operant conditioning
- the altered probability of a behavioural response engendered by associating responses with rewards or punishments
acquisition
- in conditioning, the grade learning of a conditioned response
extinction
- the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response that is no longer being rewarded
eyeblink conditioning
- a paradigm in which a puff of air is repeatedly paired with a tone until the tone by itself elicits blinking
delay conditioning
- a form of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus is still ongoing when the unconditioned stimulus starts, and they both terminate at the same time
- cerebellum
trace conditioning
- a form of classical conditioning in which there is a breed time interval between the end of the conditioned stimulus and the start of the unconditioned stimulus
- cerebellum & hippocampus
- requires memory
habituation
- reduced response to an unchanging stimulus
sensitization
- increased response to an unchanging stimulus
episodic memory
- declarative memory that refers to memory for personally experienced past events
semantic memory
- declarative memory that refers to general knowledge about the world, including knowledge of language, fas, and the properties of objects
retrieval cue
- any information that leads to the retrieval of memories, such as the hits provided by memory tests
cognitive map theory
- a theory positing that the hippocampus mediates memory for spatial relations among objects int he environment
relational memory theory
- a theory positing that the hippocampus is involved primarily in encoding and retrieving associations between items, including spatial associations but also other types of associations
multiple-trace theory
- a theory positing that episodic memories, consolidated or otherwise, always depend on the hippocampus
encoding
initial creation of memory
consolidation
continued organization and stabilization of memory over time
storage
retention of memory over time
retrieval
accessing/using stored information from memory traces
reconsolidation
possible reorganization and restabilization of memory traces after retrieval
fear conditioning
EPSP to tone increases in lateral nucleus of amygdala after pairing with a shock
