6. Logical Validity

Question 1

Topic Neutral Words

Answer 1

Words that don’t refer to specific things or properties or relations, etc., but which are useful in discussing any topic.
EX: Some, no, all, and, or

Question 2

Domain Specific Words

Answer 2

Words that have a dictionary or specific meaning, they refer to specific things or properties or relations.
EX: A widow

Question 3

Deductive validity

Answer 3

A) Necessary truth-preservation
B) Broader than logical validity
C) Deductively necessary: if prems 1 then conclusion 1

Question 4

Logical Validity

Answer 4

A) Necessary truth-preservation on soley formal grounds
B) If logically valid, then also deductively valid
C) Logically Necessary: if prems 1 then conclusion 1

Question 5

Deductive Necessity (Lorenz’s Version)

Answer 5

A) True in all logically possible situations
B) Broader than logical necessity

Question 6

Logical Necessity

Answer 6

A) True in all logically possible situations on solely formal grounds
B) If logically necessary, then also deductively necessary

Question 7

From Deductively Valid to Logically Valid*

Answer 7

All deductively valid args can become a logically valid arg by adding a premise that is deductively necessary.
X is widow, [widows are women], so X is a woman
From x is B, so x is A
To x is B, B is A, so x is A

Question 8

Adjectives (m-ly, m-er)

Answer 8

Not topic Neutral, can only be filled in by other adjectives.
Words that come in degrees EX: tall/small
Words that are all-or-nothing EX: even/prime