6 - Leucocyte disorders

Question 1

Myeloid lineage

Answer 1

Platelets, Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil, Monocytes (dendritic cell and macrophage)

Question 2

Lymphoid lineage

Answer 2

Lymphocytes (T and B cell), NK cell

Question 3

What is the earliest committed myeloid cell

Answer 3

Myeloblast

Question 4

Where does granulopoiesis occur

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

• 40-75% of WBC
• Develop from primitive myeloblast in bone marrow

Question 6

What does number of neutrophils in blood vary by

Answer 6

• Age, gender, ethnicity
• Ethnic neutropenia: africans

Question 7

Migration of neutrophils

Answer 7

Migrate from bone marrow to blood through sinusoidal endothelium

Question 8

Eosinophils

Answer 8

Release granule contents onto pathogens (parasites) to facilitate their destruction

Question 9

Monocytes

Answer 9

• Mature to macrophage in tissue
• Produce and release cytokineses
• Role in phagocytosis

Question 10

Lymphocytes

Answer 10

• Immunologically competent cells
• Produced to bone marrow and thymus
• Round cells with mature chromatin

Question 11

‘-cytosis’ suffix

Answer 11

Increased numbers

Question 12

‘-philia’ suffix

Answer 12

Increased numbers

Question 13

‘-penia’ suffix

Answer 13

Reduced numbers

Question 14

Benign (reactive) white cell disorders

Answer 14

• Neutrophilia and neutropenia
• Lymphocytosis
• Monocytosis
• Eosinophilia

Question 15

Malignant white cell disorders

Answer 15

• Leukaemias: acute and chronic
• Multiple myeloma
• Lymphoma
• Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Question 16

Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis)

Answer 16

• Increase in neutrophil numbers
• Caused by infection, fever, inflammation, steroid therapy, neoplasms
• Accompanied by ‘left shift’ (neutrophil precursors in blood) and ‘toxic granulation’ (increased granules)

Question 17

Neutropenia

Answer 17

• Decreased neutrophil numbers
• Risk of severe and recurrent bacterial infection

Question 18

Causes of neutropenia

Answer 18

• Congenital (rare)
• Benign ethnic neutropenia
• Drug-induced (Antibiotics, cytotoxics)
• Infections
• Bone marrow failure (pancytopenia)

Question 19

Lymphocytosis

Answer 19

• Increase in lymphocyte count
• commonly secondary to viral infections (whooping cough, mono, covid
• Altered lymphocyte morphology (Increase cell size, abundant cytoplasm

Question 20

Monocytosis

Answer 20

• Increased level of monocytes
• Uncommon
• caused by chronic infections (Tuberculosis, Malaria)

Question 21

Eosinophilia

Answer 21

• Allergic conditions (asthma, eczema, hay fever)
• Parasitic infections
• Drug reactions

Question 22

Basophilia

Answer 22

Very rare, chronic myeloid leukaemia