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PATH2220 > 6 - Leucocyte disorders > Flashcards

6 - Leucocyte disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Myeloid lineage

A

Platelets, Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil, Monocytes (dendritic cell and macrophage)

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2
Q

Lymphoid lineage

A

Lymphocytes (T and B cell), NK cell

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3
Q

What is the earliest committed myeloid cell

A

Myeloblast

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4
Q

Where does granulopoiesis occur

A

Bone marrow

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5
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • 40-75% of WBC
  • Develop from primitive myeloblast in bone marrow
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6
Q

What does number of neutrophils in blood vary by

A
  • Age, gender, ethnicity
  • Ethnic neutropenia: africans
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7
Q

Migration of neutrophils

A

Migrate from bone marrow to blood through sinusoidal endothelium

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8
Q

Eosinophils

A

Release granule contents onto pathogens (parasites) to facilitate their destruction

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9
Q

Monocytes

A
  • Mature to macrophage in tissue
  • Produce and release cytokineses
  • Role in phagocytosis
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10
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Immunologically competent cells
  • Produced to bone marrow and thymus
  • Round cells with mature chromatin
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11
Q

‘-cytosis’ suffix

A

Increased numbers

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12
Q

‘-philia’ suffix

A

Increased numbers

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13
Q

‘-penia’ suffix

A

Reduced numbers

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14
Q

Benign (reactive) white cell disorders

A
  • Neutrophilia and neutropenia
  • Lymphocytosis
  • Monocytosis
  • Eosinophilia
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15
Q

Malignant white cell disorders

A
  • Leukaemias: acute and chronic
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Lymphoma
  • Myeloproliferative neoplasms
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16
Q

Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis)

A
  • Increase in neutrophil numbers
  • Caused by infection, fever, inflammation, steroid therapy, neoplasms
  • Accompanied by ‘left shift’ (neutrophil precursors in blood) and ‘toxic granulation’ (increased granules)
17
Q

Neutropenia

A
  • Decreased neutrophil numbers
  • Risk of severe and recurrent bacterial infection
18
Q

Causes of neutropenia

A
  • Congenital (rare)
  • Benign ethnic neutropenia
  • Drug-induced (Antibiotics, cytotoxics)
  • Infections
  • Bone marrow failure (pancytopenia)
19
Q

Lymphocytosis

A
  • Increase in lymphocyte count
  • commonly secondary to viral infections (whooping cough, mono, covid
  • Altered lymphocyte morphology (Increase cell size, abundant cytoplasm
20
Q

Monocytosis

A
  • Increased level of monocytes
  • Uncommon
  • caused by chronic infections (Tuberculosis, Malaria)
21
Q

Eosinophilia

A
  • Allergic conditions (asthma, eczema, hay fever)
  • Parasitic infections
  • Drug reactions
22
Q

Basophilia

A

Very rare, chronic myeloid leukaemia

PATH2220 (33 decks)

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