6 Initial Attack Lines Flashcards
In almost all offensive fire attack situations, which type of attack is used
Direct attack
A type of fire attack in which a solid or straight hose stream is used to deliver water directly onto the base of a fire
Direct attack
A type of fire attack in which a solid, straight, or a narrow fog stream is used to direct water at the ceiling to cool superheated gases in the upper levels of the room
Indirect attack
What is the objective of the indirect attack, by removing heat from the upper atmosphere
Preventing flashover
A disadvantage of an indirect attack
Steam expansion ratio can cause serious burns to firefighters and victims
In an area were victims are located which type of attack is a poor choice
Indirect attack
When the area has been cool down and ventilation has taken place indirect attack should be changed to
Direct attack
A type of fire attack that uses both direct and indirect methods one after the other
Combination attack
Fire attack inside of buildings being demolished or abandoned buildings, or ones that have been burning for a long time should not be what
Aggressive interior attack
Fire attack for the dangerous structures such as an abandoned building or in demolition should be conducted how
Exterior attack followed by interior attack once fire is knocked down
What does choosing the size or sizes of an attack line depend on
The extent and location of the fire and how it will be fought
Most fire department she has what size lines for interior attack hose
One and three-quarter inch, 2 1/2 inch
The typical inch and a half attack line is equipped with a spray nozzle that would discharge under proper pressure how many gallons per minute
60 to 125 GPM
With either a smoothbore nozzle or a spray nozzle an inch and three-quarter line can discharge how many GPM
120 to 200 GPM
On a 2 1/2 inch attack wine with a nozzle pressure of 50 psi the inch and an eighth smoothbore tip will produce how many gallons per minute
265 GPM
I 2 1/2 inch attack line with a novel pressure of 50 psi the inch and a quarter smoothbore tip will discharge how many GPM
325 GPM
Most effective nozzle patterns are
Straight streams or solid stream
Spray nozzles adjusted on a fog pattern inside a building should be restricted to which type of locations
And occupied confined spaces, such as basements on occupied, ethics, or storage areas
In almost all cases spray nozzles are designed to deliver their rated flow capacity at what PSI
100 psi
At 50 PSI on 8 inch and three-quarter attack wine a smoothbore 15/16 inch tip flows how many GPM
180 GPM
On an inch and three-quarter attack wine operating at 50 PSI nozzle pressure the 1 inch tip flowers how many GPM
200 GPM
List the four types of spray nozzles commonly available
Basic spray nozzle,
constant gallonage spray nozzle,
constant pressure automatic spray nozzle,
and the constant/select gallonage spray nozzle
Basic spray nozzle
Adjustable spray nozzle where the rated discharges delivered at the designed pressure and nozzle setting
Constant gallonage spray nozzle
Adjustable pattern spray nozzle discharging constant flow rate throughout the range of patterns
Constant pressure automatic spray nozzle
Spray nozzle where the pressure remains relatively constant throughout the range of discharge rates. Designed to maintain a minimum hundred psi tip regardless of gallonage flow
After entering an area that is very hot and finding no fire what should be done
Check the area below adjacent areas walls and ceilings or other void spaces for extension
If the fire is large enough to the master stream must be used for an initial attack offense of operations should be
Curtailed and firefighters should not be allowed to enter the structure
With 50% involvement of a commercial space what size line should be the interior attack
2 1/2 inch
In the case of a basement much like a concrete vault with no means to quickly ventilate what type of line should be used
Two and a half smoothbore from an outside opening
Are far has gained control of a good portion of a large floor area what should be used to attack the fire and what should be used in support
2 1/2 inch attack line on the fire floor, inch and three-quarter attack line on the floor above around and under fire to prevent extension
True/false house lines do not need to be advanced to upper floors of a fire building
False they must be advanced to upper floors
Hose lines maybe advanced using the following methods
Ground ladders aerials or platforms.
Hoist with ropes.
Carry into the building and connected to an outside hose line through window.
Passed up to a window with a pike pole
Why is it important to control the stairway and prevent fire extension
To illuminate them as channels for vertical spread of fire and keep them open as escape routes
Alternative methods may require much less hose than advancing up the stairway. How much hose must be allotted for each floor going up the staircase as opposed to the face of building
50 foot section per floor, 50 foot section per 4 to 5 stories
Ventilation of stairways and hallways as a upmost importance firefighters attempting to Advance lines should do what
Vent as they go
Free burning fired should be managed with what type of attack tactic
Coordinated attack
Indications of a smoldering fire are
Little or no fire visible from outside.
Rapidly rising smoke.
Building secured tightly.
Smoke under pressure from windows doors or other openings.
Yellow or dirty brown smoke.
Window glass stained brown or black with cracking.
Smoke exiting the building appearing to be sucked back in, breathing
One of the main fuels and a smoldering fire is what
Heated carbon monoxide, hindering oxygen use by the fire
Backdraft is
The sudden explosive ignition of fire gases when oxygen is introduced into a superheated space previously deprived of oxygen
Ventilation of the smoldering fire requires what
Opening made at the highest point safe. Allow that superheated gases out to prevent explosive nature
True/false ventilation must take place before any attempt is made to enter the building during a smoldering fire otherwise entering may cause immediate ignition
True
During the ventilation of a smoldering fire engine companies should be prepared with what
Charged attack lines in a safe area
It is recommended that the Inch and a half hoes be
Eliminated from structural firefighting
When a single inch and three-quarter hose line is ineffective and extinguishing a larger fire
Additional larger hose lines should be used
Which type of stream is the safest and most effective when conducting interior firefighting operations in an occupied area
Solid or straight stream
When confronted with a well involved fire in a part of a structure below an occupied area, basement storage fire below apartments, it is usually best to
Attack using a 2 1/2 inch line with solid stream, lay and inch and three-quarter line to the floor above the fire
A type of fire where all three requirements for combustion /oxygen fuel and heat, are present in sufficient quantities to promote the spread of flames and fire
Free burning
