6 images framework

Question 1

Directing

Answer 1

Controlling, Intended outcomes

Dominant role of the <vision> developed by the top management, which needs to be communicated clearly</vision>

• Step models of change, contingency models

Question 2

Navigating

Answer 2

Controlling, partially intended outcomes

Stakeholders have competing interests and perspectives which need to be reconciled through negotiations

• Process theories of change

Question 3

Caretaking

Answer 3

Controlling, unintended outcomes

Change is driven by external forces and coping mechanisms need to be developed to survive

• ecology of populations, life cycles, institutional theory

Question 4

Coaching

Answer 4

Shaping, intended outcomes

Change leaders need to facilitate interactions to help the development of shared values and goals

• Historical organization development

Question 5

Interpreting

Answer 5

Shaping, partially intended outcomes

Change leaders main action is to create meaning for others to make sense of the change

• Sense-making theories

Question 6

Nurturing

Answer 6

Shaping, unintended outcomes

Change processes are externally driven, constant, and unpredictable but change agents can favour comfort

• choas theories