6- Equine Limb Vessels and Nerves Flashcards
Which muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
Motor to supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm.
Which muscle(s) does the subscapular nerve innervates? Is it motor or sensory?
Motor to subscapularis m.
Which structures does the axillary nerve supply motor innervation to?
Teres major m.
Teres minor m.
Deltoideus m.
Caudal part of subscapularis m.
Which structures does the axillary nerve supply sensory innervation to?
Craniolateral shoulder area
Cranial aspect of the antebrachium
Which structures does the musculocutaneous nerve supply motor innervation to?
Biceps brachii m.
Brachialis m.
Which structures does the musculocutaneous nerve supply sensory innervation to?
Medial antebrachium region
Which structures does the median nerve supply motor innervation to?
Flexor carpi radialis
SDF
DDF
Which structures does the median nerve supply sensory innervation to?
Palmar aspect of the manus
Which structures does the radial nerve supply motor innervation to?
Proximal limb:
Triceps brachii m.
tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
Anconeus m.
Distal limb:
Whole extensor group plus supinator
The radial nerve divides into the superficial branch and deep branch after it innervates the triceps. State which branch is motor, which branch is superficial, and what each branch innervates.
Deep branch- motor
- innervates extensors and supinators of the antebrachium
Superficial branch- sensory
- Cranial and lateral aspect of antebrachium
- medial and dorsal aspect of the manus
Which structures does the femoral nerve supply motor innervation to?
Gluteal muscles, quadriceps femoris, and sartorius (motor from saphenous which is a branch off of femoral)
Which structures does the saphenous nerve supply sensory innervation to?
Remember femoral nerve gives rise to saphenous nerve
Cutaneous innervation to skin of medial femoral region, medial crus, medial pes
Which structures does the obturator nerve supply motor innervation to?
Adductors of pelvic limb
- external obturator
- pectineus
- Gracilis
- adductor
Which structures does the sciatic nerve supply motor innervation to?
Internal obturator, gemelli, quadratus femoris within pelvis
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus caudal to the hip
Which structures does the sciatic nerve supply sensory innervation to?
Lateral and caudal surfaces of crus
Describe the technique for the Palmar Digital Nerve Block.
Insert the needle over the neurovascular bundle at the proximal border of the collateral cartilage
Which nerves are affected by the Palmar Digital Nerve Block, and which structures will loose feeling?
Palmar Digital nerves
- sole
- navicular apparatus
- coffin joint
- distal flexor tendon sheath
- distal sesamoidean ligaments
- loss of skin sensation at the heel
Describe the technique for the abaxial sesamoid nerve block
Insert the needle at the abaxial surface of the sesamoid, point needle distally
Which nerves and structures are anesthetized when the abaxial sesamoid nerve block is performed?
Palmar digital nerves
- Foot
- middle phalanx
- pastern joint
- distal proximal phalanx
- distal SDF and DDF
- distal sesamoidean ligaments
- distal annular ligament
- +/- fetlock joint
Describe the technique used to perform the low 4-point block
- Insert the needle distal to the button of the splint medially and laterally
- insert the needle SQ between the suspensory ligament and the DDF tendon
What nerves are affected when the low 4-point block is performed?
- Palmar metacarpal/ metatarsal nerves (adjacent to splint bones)
- Palmar nerves (between suspensory and SDF tendon
What structures are affected when the low 4-point block is performed?
- All structures affected by lower two blocks
- fetlock joint
- suspensory branches
- more proximal SDF/DDF tendons
Describe the technique used to perform a high 4 point block on the front limb
- inject SQ on dorsal surface of the DDFT through the fascia just distal to the carpometacarpal joint
- flex the limb and insert the needle along the splint bones pointed at palmar metacarpal 3
What nerves are affected when the high 4-point block is performed on the front limb?
- medial and lateral palmar nerves
- medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves
What structures are affected when the high 4-point block is performed on the front limb?
- flexor tendons
- splint bones
- interosseous ligaments
- proximal suspensory ligament
- inferior check ligament
Describe the technique used for the high 4 (6) point block on the pelvic limb
- 1.5in needle inserted distal to the TMT on wither side of and hit the back of metacarpal 3
- deposit 3-5 mL through eh fascia over the DDF on medial and lateral side
- 2cm distal to the TMT at 10 and 2 o’clock positions on the dorsal cannon bone
What nerves and structures are affected when the high 4 (6) point block is performed on the hind limb?
- medial and lateral plantar nerves
- medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves
Everything distal to the tarsometatarsal (TMT) except the dorsal over the cannon bone
What is sweeny shoulder in horses?
Damage to the suprascapular nerve results in atrophy of supra and infraspinatus, shoulder instability, and shoulder “slip”. The spine of the scapula will be very easy to see once those muscles atrophy.
What is 1 & 2?
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
What is 3 & 4?
Palmar branch of ulnar nerve
Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve
What is 5 & 6?
Lateral palmar nerve
Deep branch of lateral palmar nerve
What is 6, 7, & 8?
Deep branch of lateral palmar nerve
Communicating branch
Palmar metacarpal nerves
What is 9, 10, & 11?
Dorsal branch of digital nerve
Lateral palmar digital nerve
Medial palmar digital nerve
Label autonomous zones on horse thoracic limbs
1) Ulnar
2) Radial
3) Ulnar
4) Ulnar
5) Musculocutaneous
6) Ulnar
Label autonomous zones on bovine thoracic limbs
1) Ulnar
2) Musculocutaneous
3) Median
4) Ulnar
5) Radial
6)Ulnar
Label diagram of nerves on the palmar aspect of horse fore limb
Yellow- median and medial palmar
Blue- Ulnar, turns into palmar branches
Pink- Medial metacarpal
Red- Lateral metacarpal
Green- lateral palmar
Label the nerves on the dorsal aspect of the thoracic limb
Purple- Medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve
Blue- Ulnar nerve and dorsal branch
Yellow- Medial palmar
Green- Lateral palmar
Label the autonomous zones on horse hind limbs
1) Saphenous
2) Tibial
3) Peroneal
4) Tibial
Label the autonomous zones of bovine hind limbs
1) Saphenous
2) Sciatic
3) Peroneal
4) Tibial
5) Sciatic
6) Saphenous
7) Peroneal
8) Tibial
Label the nerves on the plantar view of the horse hind limb
Yellow- Medial plantar
Green- Lateral plantar
Light green- tibial
Pink- medial plantar metatarsal
Red- Lateral Plantar Metatarsal
Label the diagram of the nerves on the dorsal view of horse pelvic limb
Doodoo brown- Saphenous
Blue- Deep Fibular
Teal- Caudal cutaneous sural
Red- Superficial fibular
Light purple- Medial dorsal metatarsal
Purple- Lateral dorsal metatarsal
Green- lateral plantar
Yellow- medial plantar
If you suspect an injury to the suspensory branches of the interosseus, which nerve block should you perform?
Low 4-point block
if you suspect an access in the sole of a horses hoof, which nerve block should you perform?
palmar digital block
If you suspect a horse is painful in its pastern joint, which nerve block should you perform?
Abaxial sesamoid block
If you suspect an injury to the fetlock joint, which nerve block should you perform?
Low 4-point block
If you suspect a horse has sustained an injury to a splint bone, which nerve block should you perform?
High 4-point block
