12- Equine & Bovine Thoracic Cavity

Question 1

Label the diagram

Answer 1

1) Aorta with the celiac artery in the aortic hiatus
2) Esophagus in the esophageal hiatus
3) Caudal vena in the caval foramen

Question 2

What is the cranial and caudal boundary of the equine thorax?

Answer 2

Cranial: 1st rib cartilage, manubrium
Caudal: T1= thoracic inlet

Question 3

What are the lateral, dorsal, and ventral boundaries of the equine thoracic cavity?

Answer 3

Lateral: Ribs/cartilage and intercostal muscles
Dorsal: thoracic vertebrae and longus colli m.
Ventral boundary: sternum, costal cartilage, transversus thoracis m.

Question 4

What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm and where are they located?

Answer 4

Aortic hiatus: located between the two crura
Esophageal hiatus: perforates the right crus near its junction with the central tendon (two vagal trunks)
Caval foramen: courses through the central tendon on the right side (caudal vena cava)

Question 5

The diaphragm in a horse extends to which intercostal space?

Answer 5

6th ICS and 6th rib

***olecranon frequently found at 5th ICS

Question 6

What is the definition of locomotion respiratory coupling as shown in the picture?

Answer 6

Horses breathe with each stride, inhale when legs are under, exhale when legs are reaching out in stride

Question 7

True or false: the thoracic cavity is the same as the pleural cavity.

Answer 7

FLASE

Question 8

Label the diagram

Answer 8

Question 9

True or false: The mediastinum is complete in the horse.

Answer 9

FALSE: fenestrated mediastinum- holes in it

This means a collapsed lung on one side can affect the other side as well

Question 10

Label the mediastinal contents of the horse (each color)

Answer 10

Question 11

Identify the nerves/vessels highlighted in red

Answer 11

Question 12

What structure?

Answer 12

Tracheobronchial lymph node

Question 13

Identify the lobes of the bovine thymus

Answer 13

1) Cervical lobe
2) Intermediate lobe
3) Thoracic lobe

Question 14

What are the blue and yellow arrows pointing at?

Answer 14

Blue: pleural cupula
Yellow: Pleural cavities

Question 15

Identify the structures pointed at by arrows

Answer 15

Yellow: Pleural cavities
Top grey: diaphragmatic pleura
Bottom grey: Costal pleura
Blue: Costodiagphragmatic recess

Costomediastinal recess ventral to lungs

Question 16

What are the cranial and caudal boundaries of the equine abdominal cavity?

Answer 16

Cranial boundary: diaphragm
Caudal boundary: pelvic inlet

Question 17

What are the dorsal, lateral, and ventral boundaries of the equine abdominal cavity?

Answer 17

Dorsal: lumbar vertebrae, diaphragm, and sublumbar muscles
Lateral: abdominal wall muscles and diaphragm
Ventral: abdominal wall muscles, linea alba, and prepubic tendon

Question 18

What are the three muscles that make up with equine sublumbar muscle group? (Filet migon)

Answer 18

Psoas minor
Iliopsoas
Quadratus lumborum

Question 19

Label the structures pointed to by the arrows

Answer 19

From top to bottom:
Caudal vena cava
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Ureters

Question 20

What are some structure that can be found in the retroperitoneal area?

Answer 20

Kidneys (NOT left kidney of ruminant)
Adrenal glands
Ureters
Vessels: aorta, caudal vena cava

Question 21

The equine greater omentum connects which structures in the abdomen?

Answer 21

Connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the initial part of the duodenum with the terminal part of the large colon and initial part of the small colon

Question 22

The equine lesser omentum connects which structures in the abdomen?

Answer 22

Connects lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum with the liver
Hepatogastric ligament and the hepataduodenal ligament