20- Urogenital 2 (Female Repro)

Question 1

The vulva should be oriented in ______ to _______ fashion.

Answer 1

Dorsal to ventral

Question 2

What is considered poor confirmation of the vulva?

Answer 2

Vulva recessed towards the anus

Question 3

What is a windsucker (pneumovagina)?

Answer 3

Confirmational defect of the mare
- vulvar lips do not properly appose allowing air to be sucked into the vagina
- can also leads to fecal contamination of the vagina
- corrected with caslicks surgery

Question 4

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the rectum, internal and external reproductive organs, and the perineal skin?

Answer 4

Pudendal

Question 4

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the striated perineal musculature?

Answer 4

Pudendal

Question 5

The pudendal nerve arises from S__-S__ in ruminants and S___-S___ in horses

Answer 5

S2-S4
S2 or 3 to S4

Question 6

Caudal epidurals are placed in the ___________ space or the first _________ space

Answer 6

sacrococcygeal (S5-C1)
coccygeal (C1-C2)

Question 7

What is the vestibule?

Answer 7

The caudal most portion of the internal repro tract, connecting the vagina to the vulva

Question 8

Where is the clitoris located?

Answer 8

Located near the ventral commissure of the vulva

Question 9

Which muscles are responsible for the clitoral wink?

Answer 9

Clitoral retractor muscle and vulvar constrictor muscles

Question 10

Where is the cervix located?

Answer 10

immediately cranial to the vagina

Question 11

The uterus can be divided into what parts?

Answer 11

divided into body and two horns

Question 12

What structure does this define- A fold of peritoneum responsible for suspending the female repro tract within the abdomen

Answer 12

Broad ligament

Question 13

The broad ligament is broken into 3 portions. What are they and where are they located?

Answer 13

Mesosalpinx: encompasses the uterine tube
Mesovarium: Attaches the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall
Mesometrium: Attaches the uterine body and horns to the dorsolateral body wall. also includes uterine vessels

Question 14

What is fremitus?

Answer 14

vibration felt in the middle uterine artery during pregnancy in cows

Question 15

How is the location of the mare vs cow and sow ovaries different?

Answer 15

Mare- lie caudal to the kidneys in the sublumbar region
Cow and sow- lie at the pelvic inlet

Question 16

How is the cervix different between species?

Answer 16

Mares- simple cervix that bulges into the vagina, forming a distinct vaginal recess
Ruminants and sows- long cervixes with transverse folds that interdigitate with each other
- sows have corkscrew cervixes

Question 17

Ovaries are ______ in mares than in cattle

Answer 17

Larger

Question 18

This is the location for which epidural?

Answer 18

Sacrococcygeal

Question 19

This is the location for which epidural?

Answer 19

Lumbosacral

Question 20

Answer 20

1) Ovary
2) uterine tube
3) Uterine horn
4) Uterine body
5) Cervix
6) Vagina

Question 21

Answer 21

1) Ovary
- 1’ uterine horn
3) Uterine horn
4) Uterine body
6) Vaginal part of the cervix
7) Fornix
8) Vagina
9) Vestibule
- 9’ wall of vestibule
10) Vulva

Question 22

Label the portions of the broad ligament

Answer 22

1) Mesometrium
2) Mesosalpinx
3) Mesovarium

Question 23

A ruminant c-section is typically done with the animal standing or recumbent and on which side?

Answer 23

Standing animal in the left flank

Question 24

A c-section in a sow is done with the sow recumbent or standing?

Answer 24

Right lateral recumbent with the left leg lifted

Question 25

In a sow c-section, where do you do the incision and why?

Answer 25

Paramedian incision closer to the uterine body because the uterine body is longer than in ruminants, and more forgiving
- this allows more exploration of uterine horns