6. behaviour modification: principles + functional behaviour assessment Flashcards
behaviour modification, functional behaviour assessment
what is classical conditioning?
who?
reflexive responses elicited by a new stimulus
pavlov
what is operant conditioning?
who?
behaviours that are influenced by consequences
skinner
what is observational learning?
who?
learning through observation of another’s behaviour
bandura
what is rational behaviourism?
learning and performance of responses that have not been directly trained
what’s the difference between observational learning and rational behaviourism?
rational is more inclined towards the evolutionary perspective, so doing stuff without being taught
ex: yawning?
what is positive reinforcement?
adding something to the environment to increase a behaviour
what is positive punishment?
adding something to the environment to decrease a behaviour
what is negative reinforcement?
removing something from the environment to increase a behaviour
what is negative punishment?
removing something from the environment to decrease a behaviour
what are 2 types of negative reinforcement?
- escape conditioning
- avoidance conditioning
what is escape conditioning?
immediate, response contingent removal of aversive condition that increases frequency of future behaviour
what is avoidance conditioning?
immediate, response-contingent prevention of aversive condition that increases frequency of future behaviour
behaviour modification principles
what is extinction?
give an example?
stopping the reinforcement of the behaviour
if you stop giving pigeons food for a doing a behaviour, they’ll stop
behaviour modification principles
what is differential reinforcement?
ex?
reinforce some behaviours but not others
reinforce behaviours under some conditions but not others
selective praise
behaviour modification principles
what are the types of schedules of reinforcement?
fixed, variable
ratio, interval
behaviour modification principles
difference between fixed and variable schedules of reinforcement?
fixed: every time, every 5 times
variable: unpredictable (gambling!)
behaviour modification principles
difference between ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement?
ratio: based on # of times you do the action
interval: amount of time between 2 rewards
behaviour modification principles
what is shaping?
reinforcement of successive approximations of final response
teaching someone something based on the bank of knowledge they already have
behaviour modification principles
what is chaining?
creating a series of behaviours from distinct behaviours
behaviour modification principles
what is discrimination?
different responses under different stimulus conditions
behaviour modification principles
what is generalization?
what are the 2 types?
a specific response can be tweaked to be used in other contexts
stimulus generalization, response generalization
behaviour modification principles
what are the ABCs of behaviour?
A: antecedents
B: behaviour
C: consequences
ABCs of behaviour
what’s an antecedent?
Stimuli, settings, and context that occur before and influence behaviours
ABCs of behaviour
what’s the consequence?
events that follow behaviour and may or may not influence future behaviour
what’s the functional behavioural assessment?
application of scientific approach to human behaviour
FBA
what are 4 key steps?
- systematically collect information
- generate hypothesis
- test hypothesis
- devise an intervention
FBA
what are the steps to develop an intervention?
there are 4, methinks
- operationalization of the behaviour you want to change
- assessing the behaviour at baseline
- determine the function of the behaviour
- use the information on functions to develop the intervention
what are the qualities of a good operational definition?
3
- objectivity (observable)
- clarity (unambiguous)
- completeness (what are the boundaries?)
which characteristics would be used to assess behaviour at baseline?
4
- frequency
- duration
- latency
- intensity
what is latency?
how long does it take for the behaviour to occur?
how would you measure intensity of a behaviour?
a rating scale
what are the two questions you need to ask when determining the function of the behaviour?
- what is the purpose of the behaviour?
- what are the maintaining contingencies?
how can you assess the ABC relations?
indirect and direct assessments
examples of an indirect assessment
self reports (reports in general), interviews
examples of direct assessments
naturalistic, analog
what is a functional analysis?
testing the consequences that control the behaviour through experimental manipulation
