6. behaviour modification: principles + functional behaviour assessment

Question 1

what is classical conditioning?

who?

Answer 1

reflexive responses elicited by a new stimulus

pavlov

Question 2

what is operant conditioning?

who?

Answer 2

behaviours that are influenced by consequences

skinner

Question 3

what is observational learning?

who?

Answer 3

learning through observation of another’s behaviour

bandura

Question 4

what is rational behaviourism?

Answer 4

learning and performance of responses that have not been directly trained

Question 5

what’s the difference between observational learning and rational behaviourism?

Answer 5

rational is more inclined towards the evolutionary perspective, so doing stuff without being taught

ex: yawning?

Question 6

what is positive reinforcement?

Answer 6

adding something to the environment to increase a behaviour

Question 7

what is positive punishment?

Answer 7

adding something to the environment to decrease a behaviour

Question 8

what is negative reinforcement?

Answer 8

removing something from the environment to increase a behaviour

Question 9

what is negative punishment?

Answer 9

removing something from the environment to decrease a behaviour

Question 10

what are 2 types of negative reinforcement?

Answer 10

1. escape conditioning
2. avoidance conditioning

Question 11

what is escape conditioning?

Answer 11

immediate, response contingent removal of aversive condition that increases frequency of future behaviour

Question 12

what is avoidance conditioning?

Answer 12

immediate, response-contingent prevention of aversive condition that increases frequency of future behaviour

Question 13

behaviour modification principles

what is extinction?

give an example?

Answer 13

stopping the reinforcement of the behaviour

if you stop giving pigeons food for a doing a behaviour, they’ll stop

Question 14

behaviour modification principles

what is differential reinforcement?

ex?

Answer 14

reinforce some behaviours but not others
reinforce behaviours under some conditions but not others

selective praise

Question 15

behaviour modification principles

what are the types of schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 15

fixed, variable
ratio, interval

Question 16

behaviour modification principles

difference between fixed and variable schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 16

fixed: every time, every 5 times
variable: unpredictable (gambling!)

Question 17

behaviour modification principles

difference between ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 17

ratio: based on # of times you do the action
interval: amount of time between 2 rewards

Question 18

behaviour modification principles

what is shaping?

Answer 18

reinforcement of successive approximations of final response
teaching someone something based on the bank of knowledge they already have

Question 19

behaviour modification principles

what is chaining?

Answer 19

creating a series of behaviours from distinct behaviours

Question 20

behaviour modification principles

what is discrimination?

Answer 20

different responses under different stimulus conditions

Question 21

behaviour modification principles

what is generalization?

what are the 2 types?

Answer 21

a specific response can be tweaked to be used in other contexts

stimulus generalization, response generalization

Question 22

behaviour modification principles

what are the ABCs of behaviour?

Answer 22

A: antecedents
B: behaviour
C: consequences

Question 23

ABCs of behaviour

what’s an antecedent?

Answer 23

Stimuli, settings, and context that occur before and influence behaviours

Question 24

ABCs of behaviour

what’s the consequence?

Answer 24

events that follow behaviour and may or may not influence future behaviour

Question 25

what’s the functional behavioural assessment?

Answer 25

application of scientific approach to human behaviour

Question 26

FBA

what are 4 key steps?

Answer 26

1. systematically collect information
2. generate hypothesis
3. test hypothesis
4. devise an intervention

Question 27

FBA

what are the steps to develop an intervention?

there are 4, methinks

Answer 27

1. operationalization of the behaviour you want to change
2. assessing the behaviour at baseline
3. determine the function of the behaviour
4. use the information on functions to develop the intervention

Question 28

what are the qualities of a good operational definition?

3

Answer 28

1. objectivity (observable)
2. clarity (unambiguous)
3. completeness (what are the boundaries?)

Question 29

which characteristics would be used to assess behaviour at baseline?

4

Answer 29

1. frequency
2. duration
3. latency
4. intensity

Question 30

what is latency?

Answer 30

how long does it take for the behaviour to occur?

Question 31

how would you measure intensity of a behaviour?

Answer 31

a rating scale

Question 32

what are the two questions you need to ask when determining the function of the behaviour?

Answer 32

1. what is the purpose of the behaviour?
2. what are the maintaining contingencies?

Question 33

how can you assess the ABC relations?

Answer 33

indirect and direct assessments

Question 34

examples of an indirect assessment

Answer 34

self reports (reports in general), interviews

Question 35

examples of direct assessments

Answer 35

naturalistic, analog

Question 36

what is a functional analysis?

Answer 36

testing the consequences that control the behaviour through experimental manipulation