15. neurocognitive correlates of change in CBT Flashcards
notable areas of the brain, cognitive model of anx + depr, neurocognitive correlates of change in CBT
what’s the PFC?
prefrontal cortex
purpose of the PFC + category
what therapy targets this part of the brain?
- high order functioning
- reasoning, planning
CBT
what’s the ACC?
anterior cingulate cortex
what’s the purpose of the ACC + category?
- connects higher + lower order structures
- integration of info
- emotional info
what’s the purpose of the hippocampus? what order of functioning does it occupy?
- attaches emotion to memories
- lower order of functioning
what’s the purpose of the amygdala? what order of functioning does it occupy?
- it’s the center of emotional information
- lower order of cognition
what is top-down processing?
what therapy relies on this kind of processing?
slow, deliberate, explicit, strategic processing that uses rule-based knowledge
CBT – question-processing, targets PFC
what’s bottom-up processing?
automatic, effortless, implicit, pre-conscious processing based on salient features or stimulus/situational cues
what kinds of therapy targets bottom-up processing?
what part of brain is targeted?
- CBT too, but not as explicitly targeted
- relies on trickle-down effect
- targets ACC
which information processing biases relate to schemas?
- selective attention to fearful/mood-congruent stimuli
- selective memory for negative>positive material
- inability to disengage from negative material
- interpretation of ambiguous events as not positive
cognitive model of depr + anx
what is thought to lead to depressive rumination?
inability to disengage, pull attention away from negative material
how does CBT act in changing biased info processing?
what does this prove?
- reduction of negative cognition (cognitive mediation)
- reduction of attentional bias for threat in anx dis
- CBT + meds results in greater connections between positive schema content than med alone in tx of depr
- reduction of negative schema content after sad mood induction than meds alone in depr
it validates the cog model: to improve sx, need a change in cog
according to Linden, what is cognitive restructuring thought to do?
increase top down cognition control over negative emotion
neurocognitive correlates of change in CBT
what kind of reactivity is supposed to be decreased by medication?
bottom up reactivity to emotional stimuli
less reactive rather than restructuring
through which pathway does CBT produce sx reduction?
through its impact on higher order executive functions (problem solving, cognitive reappraisal, self-referential thinking)
which parts of the brain does CBT target when treating depr?
PFC:
* dorsolateral
* ventrolateral
* medial
+
* ACC + PCC
mainly higher order areas
what does the modulation of top-down processes involve?
encoding + retrieval of negative associative memories, rumination, and over processing or irrelevant information
which parts of the brain does CBT target when treating anx?
same as depr, + :
* amygdala
* hippocampus
* anterior temporal cortex
* medial temporal cortex
is there more modulation in CBT for anx or depr? why?
anx
anxiety targets fight or flight, which s more of a bottom up process that needs to be targeted
which parts of the brain are most active when tx with PTSD? which are least active?
most: ACC
least: amygdala
which parts of the brain are least active when tx with social anx?
amygdala + hippocampus
which parts of the brain are least active when tx with OCD?
- orbitofrontal cortex
- dorsolateral PFC
- ACC
fill in the blank: CBT for depr + anx
depression deals with _ order changes
anxiety deals with _ order change
depression deals with higher order changes
anxiety deals with both higher and lower order changes
which brain regions are involved in cognitive control of emotion?
higher order cortical regions
what parts of the brain are involved in cognitive reappraisal?
increase:
* dorsolateral PFC
* ventrolateral PFC
* ACC
decrease:
* amygdala
what is cognitive reappraisal?
being able to think about something differently
which kinds of processes are activated when using strategies for emotional regulation?
top-down processing
