6- Axilla Flashcards
What is the axilla ?
the armpit area, pyramidal shaped, apex directed upwards&medially
Base: laterally&downward
What are the anterior wall borders of the axilla ?
- pectoralis major muscle
- pectoralis minor muscle
- Clavipectoral fascia
What are the posterior borders of the axilla ?
- Subscapularis muscle
- teres major muscle
- latissimus dorsi muscle
What are the medial borders of the axilla ?
- 1-4 ribs
- intercostal muscles
- serratus anterior muscle
What are the borders of the lateral borders of the muscle ?
Intertubercular Sulcus (of humerus)
What are the apex borders of the axilla ?
- Clavicle(anterior)
- 1st rib (medial)
- superior border of scapula (post.)
What are the base border of the axilla ?
- Axillary fascia
-skin
What are the contents of the axilla ?
- Loose connective
tissue - Axillary artery
- Axillary vein
- Axillary lymph nodes
- brachial Plexus (infraclavicular part)
What is inside the axillary fossa ?
-Loose connective-tissue
-Axillary a-v
- Axillary lymph nodes
- brachial plexus (Infraclavicular part )
What is the name of the Cephalic vain that courses to deep from the interval ?
deltopectoral triangle ,pierces the clavipectoral fascia and then drains into axillary v.
Where are the axillary lymph nodes ?
- Anterior group (pectoral) 4-5 in no.
- Posterior group (subscapular) 6-7
- Lateral group 4-6
- Central group 3-4
- Apical Group 6-12
What are the axillary sheath ?
*deep cervical fascia
-Superficial Lamina
-Pretracheal Lamina
-Prevertebral Lamina
Axillary sheath
-carotid sheath
* Axillary sheath
encloses:
-Axillary a.
-Axillary v.
-brachial plexus (infraclavicular part )
What is the brachial plexus ?
Network of nerves extending from the neck into the axilla, It innervates the structures in upper limb, Formed by the union of anterior rami
of spinal nerves from C5 to T1
What is the direction of the nerves from the spinal chord to brachial plexus ?
1- From Spinal cord emerges
2- Ant. Root+ post. root
3- Unite&form spinal nerve
4- Spinal nerve divides into 2 rami (branches)
5- anterior ramus and posterior ramus
6- anterior ramus of C5-T1 unite and form the brachial plexus
What RE THE parts of the brachial plexus ?
-Supraclavicular part located in the neck
-Infraclavicular part Located in the axilla (armpit)
What are the nerves that rise from the roots ?
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
inn. Rhomboids, levator
scapulae - Long thoracic nerves (C 5-7)
What are the nerves that raise from the trunks ( C5-6 )?
- nerves to subclavius
- suprascapular nerves
What are the nerves that rise from the lateral cord ( C5-7 ) ?
- Lat pectoral nerve – innervates Pectoralis major m
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Lateral root to median nerve
What are the nerves that raise from the medial cord ( C8-T1 ) ?
- Medial root of median nerve
- Medial pectoral nerve of the internal Pectoralis muscles.
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
- Ulnar nerve
What are the nerves that rise form the posterior cord ?
- Subscapular nerves (C 5-6) interior :Subscapular & teres major muscle
- Thoracodorsal nerves (C 5-8)
- Axillary nerves ( C5-6)
- Radial nerves (C5-T1)
What are the nerves that rise form the posterior cord ?
- Subscapular nerves (C 5-6) interior :Subscapular & teres major muscle
- Thoracodorsal nerves (C 5-8)
- Axillary nerves ( C5-6)
- Radial nerves (C5-T1)
What happens when some accidents cause injury to certain parts of the brachial plexus ?
Sensory loss and patient can not achieve certain movements.
How dose Erb-Duchenne paralysis occur ?
Damage to the superior trunk at the ( C5-C6 ).
What happens when there is damage to the radial nerve ?
The wrist drops .
How dose the klumpke’s pralysis occur ?
Damage to inferior trunk at the ( C8-T1)
What dose winger scapula result in ?
damaged long thoracic nerve Serratus anterior m. is effected)
