19- Parotid Region - week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the parotid gland ?

A

Largest salivary gland its Between the mastoid process and ramus of mandible, it Weighs approximately 25gr And its Yellowish and lobulated

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2
Q

Describe the parotid duct ?

A

Its 5cm long and 5mm in diameter and it Extends horizontally on the masseter muscle.
It Pierces the buccinator muscle, Opens into the oral cavity at the level of the 2nd maxillary molar tooth

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3
Q

What are the borders of the parotid bed ?

A

• Anterior: Ramus of the mandible, masseter and medial pterygoid
• Posterior: Mastoid process
• Superior: Floor of the external acustic meatus and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
• Medially: styloid process, posterior belly of digastric muscle, stylohyoid, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus muscles
• Laterally: Superficial layer of parotid fascia and skin

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4
Q

What are the two parts of the capsule of the parotid gland ?

A

• Superficial part:
Covers the superficial surface Sends septa into the gland Attaches to the zygomatic arch
• Deep part:
Covers anteromedial and posteromedial surfaces Attaches to the styloid process and angle of mandible

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5
Q

What are the 4- surfaces of the parotid gland ?

A
  • Superior surface
  • Superficial (lat) surface
  • Posteromedial surface
  • Anteromedial surf
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6
Q

Where is the superior surface ( base ) of the the parotis gland ?

A

Its Related to the external acoustic meatus and zygomatic arch. Auriculotemporal nerve is closely related to superior surface.

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7
Q

Where is the superficial surface of the parotis gland ?

A

Its Covered by skin and superficial fascia Related to lymph nodes, great auricular nerve, post. border of platysma.

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8
Q

Where is the anteromedial surface of the parotis gland ?

A

Grooved by the post margin of ramus of mandible Covers posterior part of the masseter Facial nerve emerges from the anterior margin of this surface

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9
Q

Where the posteromedial surface of the poratis gland ?

A
  • Its related to the mastoid process, sternocleidomastoid muscle, styloid process and its muscles post belly of digastric.
    External carotid artery grooves this surface Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are separated from the gland by the styloid process and its muscles.
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10
Q

What are the three structures that transverse the parotid gland ?

A

• External carotid artery
• Retromandibular vein
• Facial Nerve

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11
Q

Where is the external carotid artery ?

A

It Enters the gland from the posteromedial surface, it Gives off the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries within the gland. Post auricular branch may also originate from the external carotid a within the gland.

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12
Q

Where is the retromandiblar vein ?

A

Its Formed by union of the maxillary and superficial temporal veins, it Leaves the gland through the post aspect of the apex.
Its Located superficial to the external carotid artery
As it Joins the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein.

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13
Q

Where is the facial nerve ?

A

It Enters the gland from the superior part of the posteromedial surface and it Divides into two divisions and these main branches pass forward and downward.
It behind the mandibular ramus where Terminal branches leave the gland by its anteromedial surface.

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14
Q

What are the two vessels of the poratid gland ?

A

External carotid artery and External jugular vein.

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15
Q

Where is the lymphatics of the parotis gland ?

A

superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes

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16
Q

Where is the innervation of the parotis gland ?

A

• Parasympathetic innervation : Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve > otic ganglion>through auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular nerve) > (the secretory fibers) parotid gland.

17
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa ?

A

Temporal lines (superior)
Zygomatoc arch (Inferior)

18
Q

Where is the temporal fascia ?

A

It Begins from the superior temporal lineAnd it divides into two laminas. It attaches to the lateral and medial margins of zygomayic arch.

19
Q

What are the structures in the temporal fossa ?

A

• Skin
• Superficial fascia
• Sf temporal vessels
• Auriculotemporal n
• Temporalis fascia
• Temporalis m
• Deep temporal vessels

20
Q

Where is the temporo-mandibulal joints ( TMJ )?

A

Its Between Head of mandible & Articular tubercle, mandibular fossa, and postglenoid tubercle of the temporal bone Fibrocartilaginous articular disc.

21
Q

What is the stylomandibular ligament ?

A

A band of deep cervical fascia which is accessory to the joint and its function is uncertain.

22
Q

What are the movements of the TMJ ?

A

DEPRESSION, ELEVATION, RETRACTION, PROTRACTION and ROTATION

23
Q

How dose the grinding happen ?

A

Grinding movement-when retraction and protraction alternate on two sides.

24
Q

How dose the elevation of the jaw happen ?

A

Mainly by muscles of mastication: Temporalis, masseter, med pterygoid:
Elevate the mandible and close the mouth Lateral pterygoid protracts mandible (with
help of med pterygoid)
Post fibers of temporalis retracts mandible
Lat pterygoid, mylohyoid and ant belly of digastric open the mouth when gravity is not enough

25
Q

Where is the temporalis fascia ?

A

from superior temporal line into two laminas
-to the lateral and medial margins of zygoma<c arch
between two layers:
• Fattssue
• Zygomaticoorbital branch of superficial temporal artery
• Zygomaticotemporal branch of maxillary nerve

26
Q

Where is the Origen of the temporalis muscle ?

A

Inferior temporal line, temporal fossa, deep surface of the temporalis fascia.

27
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle ?

A

Coronoid process, anterior border of mandibular ramus

28
Q

What is the functions of the temporalis muscle ?

A
  • Bilateral action; eleva/on of mandible (closing mouth)
  • Unilateral action ; pull mandible to same side
  • Posterior fibers retract the mandible after protrusion
    Nerve: Mandibular nerve
29
Q

What is the origin and the insertion of the superficial fibers part of the masseter muscle ?

A

Origin : Zygomatic bone, zygomatic arch
Insertion : angle of the mandible

30
Q

What is the origin and the insertion of the middle fibers part of the masseter muscle ?

A

Origin : zygomatic arch
Insertion : Central part of mandibular ramus

31
Q

What is the origin and the insertion of the deep fibers part of the masseter muscle ?

A

Origin : Deep surface of zygomatic arch
Insertion : Upper part of mandibular ramus Coronoid proces

32
Q

What is the nerve of the masseter muscle ?

A

Mandibular nerve

33
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle ?

A
  • Bilateral action; elevation of mandible
  • Unilateral action; pull mandible to same side
    Small effects in protrusion and retraction (deep fibers).
34
Q

What are the structures that cross the masseter muscle ?

A

• Parotid gland and duct
• The branches of the facial nerve
• Transverse facial vessels

35
Q

What is the origin of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle ?

A
  • Upperhead, infratemporal face and crest of sphenoid bone
  • Lower head, outer surface of lateral pterygoid plate
36
Q

What is the insertion of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle ?

A

Upperhead,articular disc and capsule of TMJ
Lower head, pterygoid fovea