1- Muscles, General Considerations Flashcards
What are the muscles ?
They are active elements of movement.
What are bones and joints ?
Passive elements of movement.
What are the five typer of muscle fibers ?
1- Endomysium ( every cell ).
2- Perimysium ( many cells ).
3- Epimysium ( whole muscle ).
4- white muscle fiber ( fast twitch muscle ).
5- red muscle fibers ( slow twitch muscle ).
What is a fascia ?
It is the connective tissue outside the epimysium that surrounds and separates the muscles.
What dose the deep fascia form ?
It forms septum between muscle groups.
Where is the superficial fascia ?
Just under the skin, it contains fat.
What are in the superficial fascia ?
There are superficial vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
What happens during contraction of the muscles ?
The muscle shortens.
What is the attachment usually remains fixed ? page 6
The origin
What is the bursa ?
It is a small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane.
What is the function of the bursa ?
It provides a cushion between a tendon & bones / tendons / ligaments / cartilages around a joint.
What dose bursa allow ?
It allows free movement by reducing any friction between the structure around the joint.
What are bursae filled with ?
It is filled with synovial fluid.
What is the bursitis ?
It is when the bursa becomes inflamed usually in the knee, elbow or shoulder.
What are the 3 types of bursa ?
1- Subtendinous bursa
2- Articular bursa
3- Subcutaneous bursa
What is the tendon sheath ( vagina tendinis ) ?
It is a layer of membrane around a tendon to minimize the friction.
What are the two layers of the tendon sheath ?
1- Fibrous sheath ( outer stratum fibrousum, vagina fibrosa ).
2- Synovial sheath ( inner, stratum synoviale, vaginal synovialis ).
Where is synovial tendon sheath found ?
It is found where tendons pass under ligamentous bands & retinacula or through fascial slings & osseofibrous tunnels.
What are the two layers of the synovial tendon sheath ?
1- external layer ( parietal layer )
2- internal layer ( visceral layer )
What is a mesotendon ?
It is a fold synovial membrane connecting the bare tendon to its synovial sheath Nn & vessels can enter to the tendon from here mechanical stability.
What is the Vincula ?
Its a connecting band of tissue, such as that attaching a flexor tendon to the bone of a finger or toe.
What is the vincula ?
It is a tendinous band where the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus are connected to each other to the phalanges by slender.
What are the three parts of a muscle ?
1- Fleshy part : venter, corpus and muscle belly.
2- Tendon : attached part on both sides.
3- Aponeurosis : tendon and flat sheet.
What is the belly ( venter ) of a muscle ?
It is a highly vascular, resistant to vascular, resistant to infections and sensitive to pressure and friction.
