Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHA 500 > 6. Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

6. Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Wall (location)

A

Between xiphoid process/costal margin and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pelvic Hip Bones

A

Fusion of:

  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ilium (landmarks)

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

Iliac Crest

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pubis (landmarks)

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

Pubic Symphysis

Pubic Tubercles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Umbilicus (location)

A

~L4 vertebral level

Former site of umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abdominal Planes

A

Median plane (vertical, xiphoid process to pubic symphysis)

Transumbilical plane (horizontal, level of umbilicus and iliac crests)

Transpyloric plane (level of L1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A

R and L upper

R and L lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Abdominal Fascia (layers 1)

A

Superior to L4: undifferentiated fascia

Inferior to L4:

  • superficial fatty layer (camper fascia)
  • deep membranous layer (scarpa fascia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abdominal Fascia

A

Scarpa fascia attached at pubis

  • separates different regions of the body
  • hinders the spread of things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abdominal Fascia (layers 2)

A

Deep (investing) fascia
-surrounds/invests muscles of abdominal wall

Transversalis fascia
-deep to musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abdominal Muscles (function)

A

Maintain posture, move torso

Protect organs

Forced expiration

Increase intra-abdominal pressure (defecation, urination, childbirth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Abdominal Muscles (obliques)

A

External: superficial, hand in pockets

Internal: hands in gloves

Transverus abdominis: deep, lateral to medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abdominal Muscles (rectus abdominis)

A

Located on either side of midline

Interrupted by tendinous intersections

Enclosed by rectus sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Flattened, sheetlike tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

Formed by aponeuroses of external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Linea Alba

A

“white line”

Runs vertically in midline

Formed by fibers of rectus sheath fusing at midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arcuate Line

A

1/3 distance between umbilicus and pubis

Superior: aponeuroses of rectus sheath wrap around to enclose rectus abdominis

Inferior: aponeuroses pass anterior to rectus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Scrotum

A

Extension of anterior abdominal wall

Nothing restricts fluids from one area to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Scrotum (layers)

A

Skin

Dartos fascia
-continuous w/ scarpa fascia (connection allows fluids/infections from abdominals to scrotum)

Dartos muscle

  • smooth muscle
  • wrinkles skin of scrotum in response to cold (reduces surface area)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Labia Majora

A

Homologous to scrotum

Extension of anterior abdominal wall

21
Q

Abdominal Wall (nerves)

A

Ventral rami of:

  • T7-T11 intercostal nerves
  • T12 subcostasl nerve
  • L1 (splits into iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves)
22
Q

Abdominal Wall (innervation)

A

Segmental

Injury to single nerve only paralyzes segment - weakened - can lead to herniation

23
Q

Dermatomes of Abdominal Wall

A

Superior to umbilicus: T7-T9

At umbilicus: T10

Inferior to umbilicus: T11-L1

Inguinal fold: L1

24
Q

Arteries of the Abdominal Wall

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

LATERAL: posterior intercostal arteries (10th, 11th) and subcostal arteries

MIDLINE:

  • Superior epigastric arteries
  • Inferior epigastric arteries
  • Superficial epigastric arteries
25
Superior Epigastric Arteries
Branches of internal thoracic arteries Located within rectus sheath, deep to rectus abdominis Anastomoses with inferior epigastric arteries
26
Inferior Epigastric Arteries
Branches of external iliac arteries Located within rectus sheath, deep to rectus abdominis Anastomoses with superior epigastric arteries
27
Superficial Epigastric Arteries
Branches of femoral arteries Located in superficial fascia
28
Veins of Abdominal Wall
Accompany arteries, share names Anastomoses everywhere
29
Venous Anastomoses (caval caval)
Superior and inferior epigastric veins If there is block to IVC, blood in inferior is shunted to superior to get to SVC
30
Venous Anastomoses (portal caval)
Paraumbilical veins (portal system) and superficial epigastric veins Blood flow blockage in liver --> blood shunted to superficial Caput medusae (dilation of veins of umbilicus, not inherently dangerous)
31
Lymphatic Drainage
Axillary lymph nodes (drain superior to umbilicus) Superficial inguinal nodes (drain inferior to umbilicus)
32
Inguinal Region
aka Groin Where lower limb meets abdomen
33
Inguinal Ligament
Inferior part of external oblique aponeurosis Spans from ASIS to pubic tubercle
34
Inguinal Canal
Superior to inguinal ligament Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels Connects abdominal cavity to scrotum/labia majus Deep (entrance) and superficial (exit) openings
35
Inguinal Canal (weakness)
Potential site of weakness/herniation Deep and SF rings to not overlap Abdominal pressure keeps canal flat
36
Ontogeny of Inguinal Canal (male)
Testes begin development in posterior abdominal wall Testes move out and inferior from body through inguinal canal
37
Gubernaculum (male)
Ligamentous cord Connects testis to scrotum Stays the same size as we grow - pulls testes through inguinal canal
38
Spermatic Cord
As testes descend, drag associated vasculature, nerves, ductus deferens through canal = SPERMATIC CORD
39
Spermatic Cord (fascia)
Transversalis fascia (internal spermatic fascia) Transversus abdominis (not taken) Internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis (cremaster muscle and fascia) External oblique aponeurosis (external spermatic fascia)
40
Cremaster Muscle
Raises the testes
41
Ontogeny of the Inguinal Canal (female)
Ovaries develop in posterior abdominal wall and descend (slightly) - DO NOT EXIT ABDOMINAL CAVITY
42
Gubernaculum Derivatives
Only in females Ovarian ligament (between ovary and uterus) Round ligament (between uterus and labium majus)
43
Contents of Inguinal Canal
Male: spermatic cord Female: round ligament
44
Contents of Inguinal Canal (nerves)
``` Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) -sensory -inguinal region, scrotum, labia majora ``` Genital branch, genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2) - sensory: inguinal region, scrotum, labia majora - motor: cremaster muscle
45
Inguinal Hernias
Protrusion of abdominal viscera through abdominal wall More frequent in males Indirect, Direct
46
Indirect (Congenital) Inguinal Hernia
Most common Mass enters deep inguinal ring Lateral to epigastric vessels Traverses inguinal canal - becomes enclosed in fascial coverings Exits superficial inguinal ring Can get into scrotum fairly easily
47
Direct (Acquired) Inguinal Hernias
Punch through an area of weakness in abdominal wall (INGUINAL TRIANGLE) Medial to inferior epigastric vessels Rarely enters scrotum (if it does it lies lateral to spermatic cord)
48
Inguinal Triangle
LOOK AT IMAGE Bounded by: - rectus abdominis - inferior epigastric vessels - inguinal ligament

PHA 500 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions