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PHA 500 > 1. Nervous System > Flashcards

1. Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (components, function)

A

Brain, Spinal Cord

Information processing

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (components, function)

A

12 paired cranial nerves

31 paired spinal nerves

Taking order out of CNS

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3
Q

Nucleus (Nuclei)

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in CNS

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4
Q

Tract

A

Collection of nerve axon (fibers) in CNS

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5
Q

Ganglion (Ganglia)

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

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6
Q

Peripheral Nerve

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

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7
Q

Pathway of Spinal Nerve

A

spinal cord - ventral/dorsal root- spinal nerve - ventral/dorsal ramus

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8
Q

PNS: Somatic Nervous System

A

MOTOR –> skeletal muscle

SENSORY

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9
Q

PNS: Autonomic Nervous System

A

aka Visceral Motor

Involuntary

MOTOR –> smooth muscle (organs, cardiac muscle, glans

2 Neuron pathway

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10
Q

PNS: Visceral Sensory

A

SENSORY

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11
Q

Ischemia

A

are you getting any oxygen

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12
Q

AS ME

A

afferent - sensory

motor - efferent

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13
Q

Somatic Motor Pathway

A

motor cell bodies in ventral horn of spinal cord- motor fiber (axon) exits via ventral root - spinal nerve - dorsal/ventral ramus - target

VENTRAL ROOT = MOTOR FIBERS ONLY

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14
Q

Ventral Ramus

A

Innervates majority of body wall

Larger in size than dorsal ramus

Carry sensory and motor fibers

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15
Q

Dorsal Ramus

A

Innervates small region (duct tape) along dorsal midline

Smaller in size than ventral ramus

Carry sensory and motor fibers

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16
Q

Somatic Sensory Pathway

A

Skin of body wall sensory fiber travels - dorsal/ventral ramus - spinal nerve - dorsal root - spinal cord

DORSAL ROOT = SENSORY FIBERS ONLY

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17
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

Location of sensory cell body

18
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

Network of ventral rami (motor + sensory) to upper extremity

19
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus

A

Network of ventral rami (motor + sensory) to lower extremity and perineum

20
Q

Myotome

A

Mass of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve

21
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

22
Q

ANS: Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or flight: prep for rapid, strenuous activity

Innervates body wall (sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, peripheral blood vessells), body cavities

23
Q

ANS: Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest and digest: background maintenance activities

Innervates body cavities, head, external genitalia

24
Q

ANS: 2 Neuron Pathway

A 
Preganglionic cell body
Preganglionic fiber
Synapse
Postganglionic cell body
Postganglionic fiber
25
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic Cell Badies (location)

A

Lateral horn of thoracolumbar segments of spinal cord

(T1-L2/L3)

Superior segments = supply superior organs (local organization)

26
Q

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Cell Bodies (location)

A

Brain or sacral segments of spinal cord

craniosacral

27
Q

Sympathetic Postganglionic Cell Bodies (location)

A

Where the synapse is happening

Prevertebral (anterior to vertebral column, associated with branches of aorta)

Paravertebral (lateral to vertebral column)

28
Q

Parasympathetic Postganglionic Cell Bodies (location)

A

Where the synapse is happening

In the head or in the walls of organs

Right on the targets

Long preganglionic, short postganglionic

29
Q

Paravertebral Ganglion + Spinal Nerves

A

1:1

Except: cervical region (3:8)

30
Q

Sympathetic Trunk

A

Paravertebral ganglia on each side are linked to sympathetic trunks that extend the length of vertebral column

Allow for distribution of sympathetic fibers throughout body

Tethered to ventral rami by white/gray rami communicans

31
Q

White Rami Communicans

A

Enhance to sympathetic trunk

32
Q

Gray Rami Communicans

A

Exit from sympathetic trunk

33
Q

WINGO

A

White (ramus) in

Gray (ramus) out

34
Q

Sympathetic Pathway: Body Wall

A

lateral horn (spinal cord) - ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - synapse in paravertebral ganglion - postganglionic fiber exits sympathetic trunk via gray ramus communicans - FOLLOW ALONG VENTRAL RAMUS OR BACKTRACK TO DORSAL RAMUS - target (blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands)

35
Q

Sympathetic Pathway: Thoracic Organs

A

Lateral horn (spinal cord) - ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - synapse in a paravertebral ganglion - exit sympathetic trunk through cardiac or pulmonary nerves (only sympathetic nerves) - target (heart, lungs)

36
Q

Sympathetic Pathway: Abdominal Organs

A

Lateral horn (spinal cord) - ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - exit sympathetic trunk WITHOUT SYNAPSING - SPLANCHNIC NERVE - synapse in prevertebral ganglion - small POSTGANGLIONIC FIBER/nerves - target (abdominal, pelvic viscera)

37
Q

Visceral Sensory Pathway

A

Single neuron pathway

Travels towards spinal cord alongside sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Enters DORSAL ROOT

38
Q

Referred Pain

A

Visceral (organ) pain being perceived as somatic (body wall) pain

Visceral sensation misinterpreted by CNS as somatic (sharp) sensation

39
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Co

40
Q

C1 Spinal Nerves

A

Exit between skull and C1 vertebra

8 C nerves - 7 C vertebrae

41
Q

Look and Label Spinal Nerve

A

PHA 500 (11 decks)

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