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PHA 500 > 16. Plantar Foot > Flashcards

16. Plantar Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous Septa

A

Superficial fascia

Improve grip

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2
Q

Fat Filled Areas

A

Shock absorption

eg: calcaneal fat pad

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3
Q

Deep Fascia

A

aka plantar fascia
Protection
Maintains arches

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4
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis

A

Deep fascia

Calcaneus –> toes

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5
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis

Can induce ossification –> calcaneal spur, bursa

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6
Q

Plantar Foot: Muscles and Tendons

A

4 layers

superficial to deep
1 - 2 - 3 - 4

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7
Q

Layer 1

A

Superficial
Origin: posterior calcaneus

ABductor hallucis
ABductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

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8
Q

ABductor Hallucis

A

Layer 1: medial

Insertion: proximal phalanx

Action: ABduct and flex hallux (MTP)

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9
Q

ABductor Digiti Minimi

A

Layer 1: lateral

Insertion: proximal phalanx

Action: ABduct and flex digit 5 (MTP)

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10
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Layer 1: midline

Insertion: middle phalanx

Action: flex digits 2-5 (MTP, PIP)

Tendons: divide to insert on middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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11
Q

Layer 2

A

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

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12
Q

Tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Layer 2: along hallux

Emerges from tarsal tunnel, deep to FDL tendon, bt two sesamoids

Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux

Action: flex MTP, IP

Innervation: tibial nerve

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13
Q

Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Layer 2: toward lumbricals

Insertion: distal phalanx 2-5

Emerges from tarsal tunnel, crosses sf FHL tendon, splits into 4, passes through FDB

Action: flex MTP, PIP, DIP of 2-5

Innervation: tibial nerve

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14
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Layer 2: rectangular,

Calcaneus to tendon of FDL

Action: assist FDL in flexing MTP, PIP, DIP of 2-5

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15
Q

Lumbricals

A

Layer 2: 4 total

Origin: tendon of FDL

Insertion: extensor expansions of 2-5

Action (2-5):

  • flex MTP
  • extend PIP, DIP
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16
Q

Layer 3

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

ADductor hallucis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

17
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Layer 3: 2 bellies along hallux

Insertion: 2 tendons w/ sesamoids proximal phalanx of hallux

Action: flex hallux - MTP

Sesamoid embedded tendon - provide leverage, hold in place, protect from compression

18
Q

ADductor Hallucis

A

Layer 3: looks like a 7

Transverse and oblique heads

Insertion: proximal phalanx

Action: ADduct hallux - MTP

19
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Action: flex digit 5 - MTP

20
Q

Layer 4

A

3 plantar interossei

4 dorsal interossei

21
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

Layer 4: 3 total

Action: ADduct MTP joints of 3-5

PAD: plantar ADduct

22
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Layer 4: 4 total

Action: ABduct MTP joints of 2-4

DAB: dorsal ABduct

2 on either 2nd
1 per 3rd and 4th

23
Q

Tibial Nerve Branches

A

Lateral plantar N
(S2-3)

Medial plantar N
(S2-3)

24
Q

Medial Plantar Nerve

A

S2-3

Motor: LAFF

  • 1st lumbrical
  • ABductor hallucis
  • Flexor hallucis brevis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis

Sensory:

  • medial aspect of sole
  • tips & plantar aspects of medial 3 1/2
25
Q

Lateral Plantar Nerve

A

S2-3

Motor:

  • ABductor digit minimi
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • Quadratus plantae
  • ADductor hallucis
  • Lateral 2 lumbricals
  • All interossei

Sensory:

  • lateral aspect of sole
  • tips & plantar aspects of lateral 1 1/2 digits
26
Q

Plantar Arteries

A

Divisions of tibial artery:

  • Lateral plantar A
  • Medial plantar A

Anastomose

27
Q

Medial Plantar Artery

A

Supplies

  • sf tissues of sole
  • muscles of hallux

Gives rise to:
-superficial plantar arch (superior to flexor digitorum brevis)

-plantar digital arteries to hallux and med side of digit 2 (anastomose with branches from lateral plantar artery)

28
Q

Lateral Plantar Artery

A

Lateral plantar artery –> deep plantar arch (bt 3rd and 4th layers) –> plantar metatarsal arteries –> plantar digital arteries

Plantar digital arteries anastomose with branches from medial plantar artery

29
Q

Plantar Veins

A

Deep plantar veins –> fibular & posterior tibial veins

SF plantar veins –> small saphenous (med) & great saphenous (lateral) veins

PHA 500 (11 decks)

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