Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHA 500 > 5. Mediastinum + Heart II > Flashcards

5. Mediastinum + Heart II Flashcards

1
Q

Atria (Atrium)

A

Thinner walls

Pump blood to adjacent chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventricles

A

Thicker walls

Pump blood to lungs, body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Septae

A

Interatrial septum

Interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Grooves

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

Coronary (atrioventricular) groove

Anterior interventricular groove

Posterior interventricular groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Arise from ascending aorta

Bring oxygen rich blood to heart

R and L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

Travels in coronary groove

Sinoatrial (SA) nodal bunch

Right marginal branch

Posterior interventricular branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

A

Short segment, branches quickly

Anterior interventricular branch (LAD: left anterior descending)

Circumflex branch

L marginal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

aka heart attack

area of heart muscle that has undergone necrosis

usually caused by ischemia due to occlusion of coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common Sites of Coronary Artery Occlusion

A
  1. LAD
  2. RCA
  3. Circumflex
  4. LCA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coronary Bypass Surgery

A

Treatment for MI

Technique used to shunt blood around narrowed or blocked coronary arteries

Graft alternate vessel to ascending aorta

  • internal thoracic artery
  • great saphenous vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Venous Drainage

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

Coronary sinus

  • great cardiac vein
  • middle cardiac vein
  • small cardiac vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Drains into R atrium

Lies in coronary groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

Anterior interventricular groove

Travels with anterior interventricular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein

A

Posterior interventricular groove

Travels with posterior interventricular groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Small Cardiac Vein

A

Travels along inferior border of heart with R (?) marginal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Right Atrium

A

Connects to openings of IVC, SVC, coronary sinus

Fossa Ovalis

R Auricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Right Auricle

A

Remnant of primordial heart

Pectinate muscle: ridged muscles on wall

Crista terminalis: ridge separating auricle and smooth posterior wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Oval shaped depression in interatrial septum

Remnant of embryonic foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Trabeculae carneae muscle

3 papillary muscles (anterior, posterior, septal)

Chordae tendinae: extend between papillary muscle and cusps of valve

Interventricular septum

Septomarginal trabecula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

UNDERSTAND MECHANISM OF STAYING CLOSED

aka R atrioventricular valve

Between R atrium and R ventricle

3 cusps

21
Q

Septomarginal Trabecula

A

aka Moderator Band

Muscle bundle extending from interventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle

Short cut for conductance MORE?

22
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

3 cup shaped cusps

3 pulmonary sinuses - fill with blood during relaxation - keeps valve closed

23
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

4 total (2L, 2R)

Dump oxygen rich blood into L atrium

24
Q

Left Atrium

A

Openings of pulmonary veins

Left auricle with pectinate muscles

25
Q

Mitral Valve

A

aka Left atrioventricular valve

Connects L atrium to L ventricle

Two cusps

Opens passively during atrial contraction

26
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Walls are twice as thick as R ventricle

Trabeculae carneae (ridged muscles of walls)

2 Papillary muscles (prevent backflow, hold mitral valve closed during ventricular contraction)

Chordae tendineae (extend between papillary muscles and mitral valve)

27
Q

Aortic Valve

A

3 Cup shaped cusps
3 Aortic sinuses

Connects L ventricle to ascending aorta

Sinuses fill with blood - hold valve closed

Difference from pulmonary valve: openings for coronary vessels

28
Q

Postnatal Circulation (part 1)

A

-IVC/SVC/coronary sinus
-R atrium
(tricuspid valve)
-R ventricle
(pulmonary valve)
-pulmonary trunk, L and R pulmonary arteries
-Lobar arteries
-Segmental arteries

29
Q

Postnatal Circulation (part 2)

A

-Pulmonary veins
-L atrium
(mitral valve)
-L ventricle
(aortic valve)
-Ascending aorta
-Arch of aorta
-Descending (thoracic) aorta
-Body

30
Q

Fetus

A

Lungs are nonfunctional
(oxygen from placenta)

Bypasses in circulation for liver and lungs (3)

31
Q

Fetal Circulation (bypasses)

A

Liver: ductus venosus

Heart: foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus

32
Q

Fetal Circulation (1)

A
  1. oxygen rich blood from placenta enters fetus via umbilical vein (unpaired)
  2. DUCTUS VENOSUS leads directly into IVC (bypassing liver)
  3. IVC
  4. R atrium
  5. FORAMEN OVALE (no need to oxygenate blood in lungs, bypasses lungs)
  6. L atrium
  7. L ventricle
  8. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta
  9. Body (?)
  10. Umbilical arteries (paired)
33
Q

Fetal Circulation (2)

A
  1. oxygen poor blood (from head, neck) returns to heart
  2. SVC
  3. R atrium (O rich and O poor mix a little in here but not really)
  4. R ventricle
  5. Pulmonary Trunk
  6. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (ejects blood out pulmonary trunk and into aortic arch distal to branches supply baby brain)
  7. Body (?)
  8. Umbilical arteries (paired) to placenta
34
Q

Fetal Circulation (adult remnants)

A

Fossa ovalis: foramen ovale (closure in first 3 months)

Ligamentum arteriosum: ductus arteriosus (closure in first 3 weeks)

Round ligament of liver: ductus venosus

Medial umbilical ligaments: umbilical arteries

35
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

Pacemaker of the heart

Initiates impulse for contraction of cardiac muscle of atria - sets heart rate

Located at junction SVC-R atrium

36
Q

SA Node (innervation)

A

Sympathetic: stimulates
-increases heart rate, force of contraction

Parasympathetic (vagus nerve): inhibit
-decreases heart rate, force of contraction

37
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

Located in interatrial septum

Receives SA node signal via atrial walls

38
Q

AV Bundle

A

aka Bundle of His

Located in interventricular septum

R bundle: stimulates R ventricle, moderator band

L bundle: stimulates L ventricle

39
Q

Moderator Band

A

Conveys a portion of R bundle branch

Active role in heart contraction

40
Q

Posterior Mediastinum

A

Posterior to heart

Anterior to vertebrae

41
Q

Esophagus

A

Fibromuscular tube, typically flattened

Between pharynx and stomach

Posterior to trachea
Posterior to base of heart

Anterior to vertebral bodies

To the R of thoracic aorta

Passes through esophageal hiatus, travels with vagus nerves

42
Q

Thoracic (Descending) Aorta (abdominal branches)

A

Bronchial arteries

Esophageal arteries

Posterior intercostal arteries

After diaphragm, name changes to abdominal aorta

43
Q

Azygos System

A

Azygos vein

Accessory hemiazygos vein

Hemiazygos vein

44
Q

Azygos Vein

A

R of midline

Collects from:

  • bronchial veins
  • esophageal veins
  • posterior intercostal veins
  • subcostal veins
  • lumbar veins

Drains into SVC

45
Q

Accessory Hemiazygos Vein

A

L of midline

Joins azygos vein

Superior to T9

46
Q

Hemiazygos Vein

A

L of midline

Joins azygos vein

At T9 level

47
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

Collects lymph from most of body (75%)

Drains into L venous angle (where L subclavian and L internal jugular veins join)

Begins at chyle cistern

48
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A

Located in root of neck

Collects lymph from R upper quadrant (R side of head, neck, thorax, R UE) (25%)

Drains into R venous angle (where R subclavian and R internal jugular veins join)

49
Q

Abdominal Organ Sympathetic Innervation

A

LOOK AT IMAGE

Via thoracic splanchnic nerves - convey info from sympathetic trunk to abdominal organs

  • Greater splanchnic nerves
  • Lesser splanchnic nerves
  • Least splanchnic nerves

PHA 500 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions