6 Flashcards
what brain areas are affected in chronic alcoholism leading to ataxia and “parkinsonian” tremor?
loss of Purkinje cells in the anterior lobe and cerebellar vermis
what is responsible for removal of RNA primers and synthesis of new DNA in their place??(prokaryotes)
DNA polymerase I
basic amino acids (+ charge at physiologic pH, hydrophilic)
arginine, histidine, lysine
acidic amino acids (-charge at at physio. pH, hydrophili )
aspartate, glutamate
nonpolar amino acids (hydrophobic)
alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, proline
receptors containing 7 transmembrane hydrophobic a-helices, think ??
G proteins attached to the inner plasma membrane: bind GTP and transmit signals into the cell
in ARDS, release of inflammatory mediators results in redistribution of blood flow from well-ventilated alveoli, leading to
increased alveolar dead space
mutations in the CDKN2A gene on chromosome 9p21
dysplastic nevus syndrome; classically in young pt who has fam hx of melanoma in >3 1st degree relatives
prosencephalon–>telencephalon
cerebral hemispheres and lat ventricles
prosencephalon–>diencephalon
thalamus and 3rd ventricle
mesencephalon
midbrain and aqueduct
rhombencephalon–>metencephalon
pons, cerebellum, upper 4th ventricle
rhombencephalon–>myelencephalon
medullat and lower 4th ventricle
brain development mnemonic
ToDay (Please) Make Magical Memories (Real)
Telencephalon, Diencephalon (from Prosencephalon), Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon (last 2 from Rhombencephalon)
basic region leucine zippers are a class of ??
eukaryotic transcription factors
G-protein coupled receptors that stimulate hydrolysis of men-bound PLs via PLC are part of ??
which does what ??
IP3 second messenger system–>increases cytoplasmic free Ca2+ thru IP3 mediated Ca2+ efflux from the ER
what electrolyte abnormality can cause dehydration by down-regulating the expression of aquaporins in the collecting tubules?
hypercalcemia, presents like nephrogenic DI
dermatomyosities has a strong association with ??
lung, colorectal, ovarian cancer
celiac disease, biopsy the ??
duodenum and/or proximal jejunum
when will pulmonary capillary wedge pressure change?
elevated in cardiogenic pulmonary edema, i.e. decompensated LV failure is causing increase in LA pressure (^PCWP)
PCWP should NOT change in ARDS
changes that occur in ARDS
^pulmonary cap permeability–>interstitial and alveolar edema/exudate–>decreased lung compliance, ^work of breathing, worsened V/Q mismatch
decerebrate is what type of posturing?? results in damage where ??
extensor posturing, damage to brainstem at/below red nucleus (i.e. midbrain tegmentum, pons)
-loss of descending excitation to the UE flexors (rubrospinal tract) and predom. of the extensors (vestibulorspinal tract)
decorticate is what type of posturing?? results from damage where??
flexor posturing, damage to neural structures above the red nucleus (i.e. cerebral hemispheres)
-loss of descending inhibition of the red nucleus and hyperactivity of the UE flexor muscles (rubrospinal tract)
why not hyperactivity of UE extensor muscles in decorticate posturing??
UE extensor muscles inn. by vestibulospinal tract (originates from vestibular nuclei at the pontomedullary junction) do NOT receive descending cortical inhibition, unlike the rubrospinal tract–>UE flexors
