6

Question 1

The most important types of toxic substances?

Answer 1

• Drugs
• Additives
• Pesticides
• Industrial chemicals
• Environmental pollutants
• Natural toxins and household poisons

Question 2

Selenium poisoning can be divided into 3 groups?

Answer 2

1. Acute
2. Subacute (Blind staggering)
3. Chronic (Alkali disease)

Question 3

Clinical manifestations of chlorine gas?

Answer 3

Acts as an irritant to mucous membranes and causes:
* Rhinorrhea
* Lacrimation
* Cough
* Chest pain
* Headache
* Feeling of esophageal dryness
* Conjunctival irritation

Question 4

List the natural insecticides?

Answer 4

1. Pyrethrins
2. Rotenon
3. Nicotin

Question 5

Write down therapy of arsenic poisoning?

Answer 5

• Emetics
• Gastric lavage
• Sodium thiosulphate
• Mucilaginous or pasty preparation
• Antidotal therapy - BAL and D-penicillamine
• Symptomatic therapy - adrenergics, infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution, plenty of H₂O

Question 6

Which plants contain pyrolisidine alkaloids that cause chronic intoxications leading to liver failure?

Answer 6

1. Amsinckia intermedia
2. Crotolaria retusa
3. Cynoglossum
4. Echium
5. Heliotropium
6. Senecio spp.
7. Trichodesma

Question 7

Write down the typical signs of methemoglobin stage in nitrate poisoning?

Answer 7

• Chocolate brown colour of blood
• Hemorrhages on serosal surfaces
• Salivation
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain
• Gastric hemorrhage

Question 8

Write down the division of herbicides according to phytotoxic effect?

Answer 8

• Total
• Selective
• Other herbicides - defoliants, dessicants and growth regulators

Question 9

Write down the treatment in mercury poisoning?

Answer 9

• Gastric lavage and administration of proteinaceous liquids
• Activated charcoal and cathartic
• Chelation therapy - BAL, DMSA, Penicillamine

Question 10

Types of animal toxins?

Answer 10

• Snakes - Elapidae, viperidae
• Spiders - Black widow, brown recluse
• Scorpions
• Bees/wasps
• Ants
• Toads